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1.1 Overview of multi-sensor information fusion technology In general, information fusion (also known as data fusion) is a multi-level and multi-faceted process for information fusion. This process is to integrate multi-source data to obtain accurate, complete and timely Target attributes and status. A single sensor provides less information, has fewer categories of information, and may be incorrect. Therefore, multi-sensor information fusion technology emerges as the times require. Multi-sensor information fusion technology is used to process data from multiple sensors. It is a future trend to make correct estimation and judgment of the situation.
1.2 Research background of multi-sensor information fusion technology With the wide application of modern science and technology in the military field, modern warfare has broken through the traditional mode and developed into a five-in-one war of land, sea, air, sky and faith. In modern tactical systems, the information provided by a single sensor can no longer meet the operational needs. A variety of active and passive sensors including radar, infrared, laser, and electronic support measures (Elee) are required to provide observations. information. This requires comprehensive processing of information acquired by multiple data sources, real-time target discovery and optimization and comprehensive processing to obtain target state estimation, target attributes and target identity, situation assessment, threat estimation and other operational information. The multi-sensor system has greater survivability, expands the spatial coverage, and can reduce the ambiguity of information to obtain more accurate estimation results. These advantages make the application of multi-sensor systems more and more important. However, in multi-sensor systems, the diversity of information representation, the huge amount of information, the complexity of information relationships, and the real-time nature of information processing have greatly exceeded the information processing capabilities of the human brain. Therefore, since the 1970s, an emerging discipline, multi-sensor information fusion (MulDsensor DataFusion, MsDr) has developed rapidly and quickly in the modern e4I (eommand, eontroleommunieaTIons, eomputers, telligenee) system and various weapons. It is widely used on platforms as well as in many civil areas. In the 1980s, the annual Electronic and Information Conference, sponsored by the United States Department of Defense Joint Laboratory Technology Committee and the International Society of Optical Engineering, marked the rise of information fusion technology. With the development of science and technology, especially the development of microelectronics technology, integrated circuits and their design technology, computer technology, modern signal processing technology and sensor technology, information fusion has become a new subject direction and research field, in various A large number of different types of sensors are used in different electronic systems. Therefore, information fusion is also generally referred to as multi-sensor fusion. Information fusion technology has been applied to the actual system during the Second World War. For example, by adding an optical ranging system to the anti-aircraft fire control radar, the two information given by the radar and the optical sensor are overlapped, not only greatly The accuracy of the system is improved, and the anti-interference ability of the system is greatly improved. In this sense, the information fusion system has reached a practical level during World War II. In the past two decades, along with various advanced weapon systems. The emergence and development of the world, all countries in the world are improving and developing their own c4I system to complete the specified strategic and tactical tasks. How does the C4I system analyze the vast amount of information and intelligence collected by various sensors! Processing! Synthesis, in order to make The right decision, which forms a new and important branch of information processing, namely multi-sensor information fusion.
1.3 Research purposes and significance
Information fusion (also known as data fusion) in the general sense is a multi-level and multi-faceted process of information. The process is to fuse multi-source data to obtain accurate, complete and timely target attributes and states. Waltz and LinaS give a more complete definition of data fusion: a multi-level! A multi-faceted process that detects, combines, correlates, estimates, and combines multi-source data to achieve accurate state estimation and identity estimation, as well as complete and timely situation assessment and threat estimation. Now, the more precise definition of information fusion can be summarized as: the information processing process by using computer technology to automatically analyze and synthesize the observation information of several sensors obtained in time series to complete the required decision and estimation tasks under certain criteria. . It integrates measurement information from multiple sensors through a certain algorithm to produce more reliable, accurate and complete information, and makes judgments, estimates and decisions based on this information. The key technology is to measure all kinds of raw measurements. Information for data preprocessing, data correlation, data decision making, data fusion, and more. The multi-sensor information fusion system has the following advantages:
(1) The information provided by any sensor is unilateral, incomplete, may be erroneous, inaccurate, the sensor accuracy is not the same, and the type of information provided is also different. By comprehensively processing the information provided by multiple sensors, more reliable judgments and decisions can be made than a single sensor, and the accuracy of the guidance system is greatly improved.
(2) The information characteristics provided by different sensors are different. The multi-sensor information fusion system can obtain a large amount of feature information that cannot be obtained by a single sensor, and the anti-interference ability of the system is greatly enhanced.
1.4 Research Status at Home and Abroad Information Fusion is an interdisciplinary integrated information processing theory in the military field! Geology field! Robotics and intelligent control! The field of industrial control has broad prospects for development. Information fusion technology is mainly used in the military field. At present, the development status at home and abroad is as follows:
(1) Application of information fusion technology in the field of fault diagnosis Based on information fusion fault diagnosis method, it acquires characteristic signals of device status by multi-sensors and performs multi-layer association combination! Data selection to obtain a more reliable understanding of the diagnostic object's fault information and a situational assessment of potential fault development trends.
(2) The application of information fusion technology in image processing is mainly remote sensing image technology. The information fusion of remote sensing images enables images of various spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions to be integrated into a unified space-time and merge to form a new image. Increasing the amount of information, complementing multiple information, and improving the quality and effectiveness of images.
(3) Information fusion technology is widely used in modern fire protection systems, using various advanced sensors for fire detection, such as temperature sensors! Surface humidity sensor! Smoke sensors and infrared sensors, etc. "For example, temperature sensors and surface humidity sensors are used to measure temperature and surface humidity, and to determine the influence of weather and surface on fire. Smoke sensors, infrared sensors monitor fire generation and fire. The development of emotion. This is a typical heterogeneous sensor fusion system, which can greatly improve the accuracy of fire detection.
(4) The application of information fusion technology in the medical field is increasingly active, mainly including disease diagnosis and human body structure research. The precondition for the application of information fusion technology in the medical field is the current development of medical visualization and image extraction equipment. It is easier to find cancerous tissue through X-ray image and ultrasound image fusion, and it is possible to classify different tissues more clearly. By fused angiography and ultrasound images, 3D images of blood vessels can be reconstructed. Information fusion technology is also used to study the structure of brain tissue and the recognition of sleep state.
(5) The military defense system is a very typical information fusion system. For example, discovering, identifying, and tracking enemy aircraft. Military radars, infrared detectors, sonars, and other sensors are widely used. Different information is transmitted to the fusion center. deal with. Another military application is battlefield supervision, for example, situation estimation and threat estimation. These are based on prior knowledge of the enemy and the combat area, but this knowledge is often uncertain and vague, and it needs to be analyzed to some extent. At present, major foreign military powers have invested a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources in the research of information fusion. The United States, Britain, France, Italy and Japan have already had hundreds of military integration systems, such as the US ASAS (all sources). Information Analysis) System, LENSCE (Tactical Army and Air Force Commander Automated Intelligence Support) System, UK AIDD (Artillery Intelligent Information Fusion) System, DDF (Distributed Data Fusion) System, Canada AAWMSDF (Naval Air Defense Multi-Sensor Fusion) System Wait. The United States has listed information fusion technology as a key national defense research project for many years. At present, the information fusion system in the United States is continuously developing functions, integration, networking, and integration of the three armed forces. The United States Department of Defense 52010 Joint Idea 6 proposes the establishment of joint battlefield information. The idea of ​​a global information grid network of balls or C4isR (command, control, communications, computer, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance systems) enables network-centric joint operations to achieve information superiority and decision-making advantages. In the NATO air strikes against the Yugoslav Federation, the initial joint air combat center capability system and the maritime command and control information system with advanced data fusion and processing capabilities were used for the first time. The initial joint air combat center capability system can be used for aerial platforms such as airborne early warning aircraft and France. The data collected by terrestrial radars in Italy and Italy are combined into a wide coverage of the aerial situation map, providing a large amount of real-time information for NATO combat commanders at all levels; the maritime command and control information system can fuse sea, land and aerial images to show the whole The general operational situation map of the battlefield space. At present, although the research on information fusion technology at home and abroad has achieved certain results, there are still some problems that are not completely solved, such as sensor models! Inference of the fusion process and research on related algorithms, etc. Therefore, information fusion is a high-tech that is developing.
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