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1 Introduction
The construction of various types of super high-rise buildings in the city has become a pointer to urban modernization, and it also seriously affects the natural lighting of low-rise buildings. Therefore, artificial lighting is not only a necessity for night life, but also brings new features to the urban night scene. It also affects people's work and work during the day. key. The recent construction of urban nightscapes has become an important item in urban construction. This is not the case in Taipei, Kaohsiung, Beijing, Shanghai, Tokyo, New York, etc. Generally, the office building has a long working time. Therefore, in addition to energy conservation, the lighting plan of the building should pay attention to the comfort of lighting quality to improve work efficiency. The use of energy-saving lighting fixtures, using efficient lighting design methods and control systems, can avoid wasting energy. However, the correct use of lighting habits and maintenance cycles, as well as regular maintenance of the lamps, is the key to protecting the comfortable lighting environment.
Lighting engineering design from the choice of comfortable and high-efficiency light source, the selection and installation of low-glare lamps, the selection of high-efficiency non-flashing electronic ballasts, the design of switching circuits, the lighting design of daylight and the automatic dimming control, etc. The quality of the overall lighting. The replacement of old lamps, lamps and ballasts and the optimal replacement cycle affect the economic and energy efficiency. The importance of cleaning and maintenance work and work safety are indispensable for future cycles. Important work with negligence.
After the concept of green lighting design that took into consideration environmental protection and energy conservation in 1990, the focus of various important lighting academic seminars and exhibitions around the world focused on the introduction of new energy-saving technologies, combined with high-performance lighting equipment for electronic stability and light source, to improve luminous efficiency. And the use of light source life, and the development of high color rendering light source is a consistent consensus; improved lighting design to take into account the overall space light distribution, optimistic office lighting equipment with glare control has become the mainstream of the world lighting project; The combination of control, natural lighting and energy-saving concepts has entered the overall lighting system planning of architectural design and electronic microcomputer control. Therefore, in Taiwan lacking independent energy, reasonable and efficient lighting quality should be the necessary strategy to balance environmental protection and energy conservation. .
2 Main considerations for lighting engineering design
According to the survey statistics of the Energy Commission of the Ministry of Economic Affairs in 2000 (see 1), the current electricity consumption ratio of general office buildings and major livelihoods in Taiwan and various types of electrical equipment is shown in Table 1, and the office building lighting is focused during the day. The electricity consumption of electricity and air-conditioning equipment is almost equal, accounting for about 90% of the total. In addition, lighting power is a kind of electricity that has no seasonal difference. Therefore, reviewing the new lighting energy-saving technology and reasonable lighting engineering planning, and effectively reducing energy demand under the consideration of lighting quality, should be in line with the trend and direction of energy conservation.
Lighting projects should start from the beginning of design and construction, that is, have a long-term overall planning; if it is the lighting improvement project of existing buildings, it should also face the trend of green lighting with both lighting and energy saving. After several worldwide energy crisis, there is a direct and re-examination of lighting design. For example, the illuminance recommendation value in the original 1982 edition of the North American Lighting Society Lighting Design Manual is affected by the energy crisis without reducing the lighting quality. Under the request, the illuminance recommendation value was moderately lowered and the illuminating recommendation value was re-examined and revised, reducing energy waste and starting the development of high-efficiency lamps to save energy. Then, after the North American Lighting Society and the Japanese Lighting Society studied and collated, seven lighting energy-saving methods were recommended as follows:
(1) Illumination level that meets the requirements of the work: According to the difference between the workplace and the operation requirements, the illuminance level suitable for the work is determined, all the space maintains a certain average illuminance requirement, and the uniform illumination is required, and the place requiring high illumination is required. Local illumination can be used as much as possible.
(2) Use of high-efficiency light sources: New lighting equipment that uses high-efficiency luminaires, such as fluorescent lamps and other discharge lamps, including energy consumption of ballasts, are more efficient than incandescent lamps and have a long life. Moreover, it is well known that a light source that consumes a higher electric power has a higher luminous efficiency. However, from the perspective of color rendering and light color selection, incandescent lamps are the best, so fluorescent lamps with approximate incandescent light colors should be used. In particular, high-power electric light sources with high luminous efficiency should be used as much as possible, so that the installation distance between lighting fixtures can be widened, but the illuminance distribution should be avoided.
(3) Selection of lighting fixtures: Lighting fixtures with high efficiency, easy cleaning and replacement of lamps should be used. The use of improperly designed lighting fixtures and improper use is the cause of uncomfortable glare. The development of air-conditioning lighting equipment is aimed at recycling and recovering the heat generated by the lamps in the winter, and in the summer, the heat generated by the lamps is discharged to the outside, and the electric energy for air conditioning is reduced, so that the fluorescent lamps have the optimum wall temperature, and The light source is maximized in light output.
(4) The use of natural light: the advantages of high color rendering and brightness of natural light are still difficult to replace with artificial light sources. Therefore, the proper size of the window can also take into account the spiritual and physiological lighting and ventilation of the occupants and workers. Energy saving.
(5) Considerations for the lighting environment: Whether it is natural light or artificial light source, indoor walls can be decorated with bright series of colors to increase the reflected light and improve the indoor illumination level, and the lighting quality is better reflected by reflection. .
(6) Effective wiring design: Appropriate wiring and automatic switch design can be used to properly turn off the window-side lamps or auto-dimming with natural lighting. In recent years, the dimming electronic ballast has been equipped with an appropriate light-sensing receiver to automatically control the indoor illumination level. Street lights and garden lights use automatic switches and time switches.
(7) Design that is easy to maintain and manage: The light source is reduced due to contamination of the light source and illuminator, which is the cause of energy waste. Therefore, it is important to replace the light source with a long life and a reduced luminous flux. When designing, it should adopt the lighting mode, lighting fixtures and light source that are easy to maintain and manage, which will reduce the manpower of maintenance and indirectly exert energy-saving effect.
3 Foreign lighting energy conservation development trends and Taiwan's promotion strategy
The choice of lighting fixtures is of course subjective decision by consumers, but government policy should clarify the objectives of energy efficiency and environmental protection requirements. Taiwan has always lacked due attention to lighting. The focus of energy policy review is less than 15% of electricity consumption. The lighting project, the overall development of the lighting industry lacks the attention of the official academic community and invests in research planning, such as the sunset industry; but night life is indispensable for lighting. Obviously, in addition to the industry should continue to work hard, the official cooperation needs to be strengthened. Table 2 and Table 6 are the directions and possible developments for the future lighting projects and energy conservation efforts jointly recommended by the US Department of Government, Academic Research and Research in 2000. The government's award research and development and substantial policy support are also promoting industrial development and effective conservation. The promotion of energy promotion is especially worthy of Taiwan's attention and reference. Refer to 2.
After Taiwan's accession to the WTO, the import of open products in the market will make the selection of lighting equipment more in line with energy-saving requirements. It is worthy of the relevant units to respond in advance:
(1) Government-related units have insufficient understanding or deviation from the importance of lighting and energy conservation, and negative and passive mentality hinder industrial development. The future should be planned with the overall energy policy and reasonable lighting in line with vision care, and reward and affirmation for excellent lighting design cases or research and development results.
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