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High-voltage circuit breakers are the most important control and protection equipment in power plants, substations and power systems. Their functions are:
(1) Control role. Some or all of the electrical equipment, as well as some or all of the lines, are put into operation or out of operation according to the needs of the operation of the power system.
(2) Protection. When a certain part of the power system fails, it cooperates with the protection device and the automatic device to quickly remove the fault part from the system, reduce the power outage range, prevent the accident from expanding, and protect the various electrical equipment in the system from damage. The trouble-free part runs safely.
The main structure of the high voltage circuit breaker is roughly divided into: a flow guiding portion, an arc extinguishing portion, an insulating portion, and an operating mechanism portion. The main types of high-voltage switches are divided into arc-extinguishing media: oil circuit breakers, air circuit breakers, vacuum circuit breakers, sulfur hexafluoride circuit breakers, solid gas production circuit breakers, and magnetic circuit breakers.
According to the nature of operation, it can be divided into: electric mechanism, pneumatic mechanism, hydraulic mechanism, spring energy storage mechanism and manual mechanism.
(1) Oil circuit breaker. Transformer oil is used as an arc extinguishing medium, and it is divided into two types: oily and oilless.
(2) Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker. The inert gas sulphur hexafluoride is used to extinguish the arc and its high insulation properties are used to enhance the insulation between the contacts.
(3) Vacuum circuit breaker. The contacts are sealed in a high-vacuum arc extinguishing chamber, and the high insulation performance of the vacuum is used to extinguish the arc.
(4) Air circuit breaker. Use high-speed flowing compressed air to extinguish the arc.
(5) Solid gas production circuit breaker. The gas decomposed by the solid gas generating material under the action of the high temperature of the arc is used to extinguish the arc.
(6) Magnetic blower circuit breaker. When the circuit is broken, the electromagnetic force generated by the large current flowing by itself is used to rapidly lengthen the arc and attract the person to cool and extinguish the magnetic arc extinguishing chamber.
The test categories of high-voltage circuit breakers are mainly divided into: equipment handover test, over-repair test, preventive test, and special appraisal test. The main test items are: insulation resistance measurement, dielectric loss rate of measuring catheter, oil test, AC withstand voltage test, loop DC resistance measurement and other items. The specific items and requirements shall be determined in accordance with the Provisions on Preventive Testing of Electrical Equipment Handover.
In order to meet the needs of power grid development and power users for high quality, high reliability power supply, high voltage circuit breakers are developing in an intelligent direction. The intelligent high-voltage circuit breaker has an online monitoring function, a microprocessor control function, and a new type of current and voltage sensor.
The main function of the PWM Solar Controller is to manage the charging and discharging process between solar panels and batteries in solar power generation systems. It is a traditional charge controller that controls the charging voltage and current through pulse width modulation technology to maintain the charging state of the battery and protect the battery.
Main effect:
Charging control: PWM Solar Controller controls the charging voltage and current through pulse width modulation technology to ensure that the battery is charged at an appropriate voltage and current to prolong the service life of the battery.
Overcharge protection: The PWM Solar Controller can monitor the charging status of the battery, and when the battery is fully charged, it will automatically stop charging to avoid battery damage caused by overcharging.
Over-discharge protection: PWM Solar Controller can monitor the discharge state of the battery. When the battery power is lower than a certain level, it will automatically stop discharging to avoid battery damage caused by over-discharge.
Differences from other charge controllers:
Modulation technology: PWM Solar Controller uses pulse width modulation technology to control the charging and discharging voltage and current to maintain the charging state of the battery. In contrast, MPPT Solar Controller uses maximum power point tracking technology to adjust the output voltage and current of solar panels in real-time to achieve maximum power output.
Energy conversion efficiency: Compared with the MPPT Solar Controller, the energy conversion efficiency of the PWM Solar Controller is lower. Because the pulse width modulation technology cannot adjust the operating point of the Solar Panel in real-time, the output power of the solar panel may not be maximized.
Application Scenario: PWM Solar Controller is a traditional charge controller suitable for small-scale, low-power solar power generation systems. The MPPT Solar Controller is suitable for larger-scale, high-power solar power generation systems to improve energy utilization efficiency.
Overall, the main role of the PWM Solar Controller is to manage the charging and discharging process in the solar power generation system and protect the battery from damage. Compared with MPPT Solar Controller, it uses traditional pulse width modulation technology, and the energy conversion efficiency is lower. Suitable for small-scale, low-power solar power generation systems. The MPPT Solar Controller uses maximum power point tracking technology, which can improve the energy utilization efficiency of solar panels, and is suitable for larger-scale, high-power solar power generation systems.
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