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At present, there are four navigation systems in the world, each with its own merits: GPS can only find streets, but Galileo can find the door of the garage. The specialty of Beidou, such as using SMS to let others know their position, is not available in other navigation systems. “Beidou will form a global coverage capability in 2020.†China’s Beidou satellite navigation system spokesperson Qi Chengqi said this when he announced the official launch of the Beidou satellite navigation system at the end of last year. He said, "The trial operation of the Beidou in the current situation with 10 satellites is based on two considerations:
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First, in order to meet the needs of satellite navigation in our country and surrounding areas as soon as possible, the second is to promote the application of Beidou early. â€
As everyone knows, Beidou, the satellite navigation system independently developed by China, has national military significance and has its military significance. But besides this, is there any unique trick for Beidou compared to GPS?
In fact, there are currently four navigation systems in the world, each with its own merits: GPS can only find streets, while Galileo can find the garage door. The characteristics of Beidou, such as text messages, let others know their location, which is not currently available in other navigation systems.
US Global Positioning System (GPS)
Keywords: wins in maturity
Layout: 28 satellites (four of which are reserved) have already been lifted off, distributed over 6 orbital points 60 degrees apart, about 20,000 kilometers from the ground. The accuracy of single-machine navigation has been achieved to be about 10 meters. If the positioning is comprehensive, the accuracy can reach centimeter and millimeter. However, the accuracy of the openness of the civilian sector is about 10 meters.
Features: Samsung positioning, military and civilian use. Since GPS positioning technology involves military use, the United States restricts the use of GPS positioning accuracy by non-licensed users. In addition to many confidentiality measures in design, the GPS system also provides different service methods for different users.
Progress: In December 1973, the US Department of Defense approved the joint development of the Global Positioning System (GPS) by the Army, Navy and Air Force. It was widely used worldwide in 1993. The next generation of satellite navigation systems is currently being tested.
Russian "Glonass" system (GLONASS)
Keywords: strong anti-interference ability
Layout: There are 28 satellites (four of which are reserved), and the navigation accuracy is about 5 to 6 meters. It is expected that the navigation accuracy will reach about 1 meter in 2015. However, the accuracy of the openness of the civilian sector is about 10 meters. Features: Samsung positioning, accuracy is lower than GPS, military and civilian use, using two frequency signals. Unstable work and short working life of satellites.
Progress: The Soviet Ministry of Defence began building a global satellite navigation system in the early 1980s. It was put into use in 1995 and is now managed by the Russian Federal Space Agency. The design of the satellite has undergone numerous improvements, and GLONASK has expanded its service to the world since 2011. GLONASS is the second global satellite navigation system for military and civilian use after GPS. The Russian Federation claims that the GLONASS system is dual-use, without any restrictions, without introducing the SA mechanism, nor for charging users.
European Galileo system (GALILEO)
Keywords: pure civil field
Layout: 30 satellites (three of which are reserved) are planned. The satellite orbital position is slightly higher than GPS and is 24,126 kilometers above the ground. The positioning error does not exceed 1 meter. Currently, only 26 applications are in use, and four on-orbit verification (IOV) satellites are in production and will be launched in the near future. The public service positioning accuracy provided by Galileo is usually 15-20 meters and 5-10 meters. The public franchise service can reach 1 meter when the local area is enhanced, and 10 cents when the commercial service has local area enhancement.
Features: Samsung positioning, specifically for civilian use. A new generation of positioning system with the highest accuracy in the future. There are three types of signals available to terrestrial users, including free signals, signals that are encrypted and payable for use, and signals that are encrypted and can meet higher requirements.
Progress: ESA and the European Union started cooperation in 1999. In 2005, the first experimental satellite was successfully launched, and in 2008, the positioning service was opened.
China's "Beidou" system (COMPASS)
Keywords: interactivity and openness
Layout: It consists of 5 geostationary orbit satellites and 30 non-stationary orbit satellites with a positioning accuracy of 10 meters. At present, 10 satellites have been applied, and the positioning accuracy is only 25 meters.
Characteristics: Double star positioning, civil-based, limited military capabilities. It can determine the geographic latitude and longitude and altitude of the user at any time and any place. Innovative in positioning performance, not only enables users to know where they are, but also tells others where they are, especially for places that need navigation and mobile data communication. In addition, China is also committed to improving the compatibility of the Beidou satellite navigation system with other global satellite navigation systems, and promoting the application of satellite positioning, navigation, and timing service functions. Beidou satellite navigation system provides free services to the world.
Progress: The first step is the pilot phase, using a small number of satellites to use the geostationary geostationary orbit to complete the test mission; the second step is to launch more than 10 satellites by 2012 to build a “Beidou†satellite navigation and positioning system covering the Asia-Pacific region; The third step is to build a global satellite navigation system consisting of five geostationary orbits and 30 non-geostationary orbit satellites by 2020 to form a global coverage capability.
Three major challenges of Beidou satellite navigation system
First, the competition of the deployment schedule. GPS is far ahead in this respect. Glorus is recovering from construction. Galileo is facing financial difficulties. If the Beidou system wants to seize the market, it faces challenges in system deployment.
Second, the competition for satellite performance. The level of navigation satellite design and development determines the performance of the system. At present, Beidou satellite design has reached the level of foreign navigation satellites. In the future development, it must continuously innovate independently and strive to be in the leading position in the development of international navigation satellites.
Third, the game of system development. The satellite navigation system requires the state's sustained funding, personnel training, and industrial promotion. It is a long-term project, and the competition is comprehensive national strength.
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