The role of 24GHz short-range radar in parking assist system

iSuppli predicts that by 2013, 30 million vehicles with Ultrasonic Parking Assist (UPA) will be sold worldwide. In Germany, 70% of 2009 models are equipped with UPA, 40% in Japan and 50% in the US.

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At present, the parking assistance program on the market mainly uses ultrasonic target detection and ranging technology, but the 24 GHz short-range radar may become a practical technology for the parking assist system that replaces the ultrasonic sensor.

Ultrasonic parking assist system

Since Valeo first introduced UPA technology in 1991, the history of parking assist systems is inextricably linked to ultrasonic target detection and ranging technology. The first production car to use the Valeo UPA was the BMW 7 Series in 1991.

By 2005, Valeo had sold more than 50 million UPA sensors. In the same year, Valeo expects that the demand for UPA sensors in the automotive market will further increase, and announced that it has established a joint venture with China's auto parts supplier Hangsheng Electronics to produce UPA system components.

With the exception of a handful of Ford and Lincoln models, ultrasonic sensors are used in almost every parking assistance solution on the market. Ultrasonic sensors are simple, small, and inexpensive. The sensor emits high-frequency sound waves and then calculates the echo based on the sound waves bounced from the object. The result of the calculation can be used to determine whether there is a target presence and a relative position of the target within a short distance of the vehicle.

Most ultrasonic sensors have a sensing range between 20 cm and 1.8 m. Due to the limitations of the ultrasonic sensor detection area, it is necessary to install three or more ultrasonic sensors along the bumper of the vehicle to provide sufficient target detection coverage.

In parking assist applications, it must be operated at a very slow speed, which is determined by its nature. Therefore, even if the ultrasonic sensor has a small detection range, it is suitable for parking applications. Valeo has demonstrated that ultrasonic target detection ranging technology can be used in some active driver assistance applications.

Approaching short-range radar ranging system

As early as 2002, Delphi has provided a parking assistance solution based on short-range radar as part of the ADAS solution series. The first generation system used a 17 GHz radar module and two ultrasonic sensors, two sensors located on either side of the radar module. The ultrasonic sensor can detect blind spots in the detection area of ​​the 17 GHz radar module.

In 2005, Delphi introduced the second generation of the system, called the Backup Assistance System (BUA). This upgraded system no longer uses an ultrasonic sensor, it uses a dual-beam 24 GHz radar module that covers the area of ​​5 x 2.1 square meters behind the car.

The driver benefits from this short-range radar module because the greater distance gives the driver more time to react to changes in the distance alarm. Due to the increased detection range of the dual beam radar module, the BUA is capable of providing audible and visual alarms that vary with the speed of the vehicle.

User approval

When Delphi launched the BUA, there were no other driver-assisted solutions using short-range radar technology on the market. The 2007 Audi Q7 is the first production model to be fitted with a radar side target detection system before leaving the factory. The system is supplied by Hella and uses a 24 GHz radar module with a sensing distance of 50 meters.

In the past three years, the number of cars equipped with the short-range radar side-target detection system has increased from the original model to 18 models. However, Delphi's BUA is still only available as a factory configuration device for several Ford Expedition, Ford Explorer, Lincoln Navigator and Lincoln Town Car cars.

in conclusion

Ford recently promoted its new driver assistance solution in the 2010 model series. But for the past five years, the company has not mentioned whether it uses radar ultrasonic parking assist systems in its various vehicle models. Information about whether the Ford and Lincoln models can use the radar parking assistance program is hard to find, even if you know what you are looking for.

Many automakers, especially Nissan, have released their global marketing strategy. Their goal is to provide 360-degree target range measurement coverage around the body, which is beyond the functional range of passive ultrasonic parking assistance systems. Interestingly, Ford may be closer to this ideal than many other car manufacturers, but it doesn't seem to realize it.

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