An electronic skin that changes your body to your computer

John Rogers, a professor of materials at Champaign, has developed an electronic skin called Biostamp that attaches a flexible, small sensor to the user's temples, which tracks brain waves in real time and shows you the deepest. Ideas and feelings and turn them into information. With this light feathered device, the human body becomes a computer.

Rogers said: "Our prototype equipment can provide a variety of monitoring and incentive functions. We can adjust the neurons, and then interpret their activities through the computer spelling interface, brain waves will display letters on the virtual keyboard display and complete information."

Previously, this signal could only be detected by a heavy helmet with many electrodes, which required the patient's skin to be carefully cleaned and used only for a short period of time. Rogers' Biostamp is very light and barely noticeable. It is allowed to be used outside the laboratory for a long time and the signals obtained are more accurate.

Biostamp eliminates background noise that affects the signal. To ensure accuracy, the University of Illinois research team is using more and more high-density electrodes that can generate thousands of times more brain activity information. Today, this invention has two main breakthrough applications. One is to measure the relevant brain waves at the onset of epilepsy, so that you can find signs before the attack. Another application is to monitor sleep patterns in patients with various disorders that cannot be obtained through traditional hardware facilities.

The brain is just the latest and most ambitious goal of Biostamp. Because Rogers invented Biostamp in 2011, it has been applied to the body, including monitoring heart rate, temperature and other key signs. Sports brand Reebok uses Biostamp to monitor the forces affecting sports events, and L'Oréal uses it to track skin hydration effects, which the US military uses to monitor soldiers' conditions.

This "biocompatible" device is even being tested in the body. It can function as "electroceuTIcal", a device that can act as a therapeutic and then dissolve. This therapeutic effect may include diagnosing the disease, using targeted electronic stimuli instead of drugs, and it will be a potentially revolutionary way to solve many organ problems.

Researchers at the University of Illinois have implanted their "biocompatible" devices into the pelvis to help treat bladder dysfunction. In addition, "biocompatible" devices can be implanted into the epidermis of the heart to function as an advanced pacemaker. They dissolve safely after being in the body for a while.

Current tests are limited to rodents, but researchers have addressed key obstacles that will allow them to be tested on humans. Rogers admits that there are certain risks when introducing foreign elements into the body, but he believes this represents the direction of the future.

Rogers said: "Electronic products are getting closer to individuals. Initially, it was just a computer in the lobby, followed by desktop computers, laptops, and finally smart phones in your pocket and smart watches on your wrists. Now, electronics The product will be able to blend into the skin to form a bio-electronic product (ie fully implantable). For me, it is important to be able to take full advantage of the integrated electronics."

The key to this process is the paradigm shift in the transformation of electronic products from rigid steel to flexible equipment, the human body adapting to the latter, and Biostamp representing a variety of breakthroughs in adaptability. The Rogers team removed the rigid steel plates from the board and made the parts compact to nanometer standards, creating a wearable device that is comfortable to wear. They have successfully created a device that maintains its composition and functionality even when deformed. It is completely waterproof and works on the skin surface or under the skin.

But one of the features that is difficult to shrink or stretch is the power supply, which, after all, does not progress as fast as an electrode. This led Rogers to invent a wireless charging method or use the body as an energy source when solving Biostamp's battery problems. Rogers said: "It depends on how much energy your device needs. We have begun to use the energy generated by body movement. For devices implanted in the heart, it must have constant chemical energy to generate electricity. But for devices outside the body, we must Determine how long chemical energy can last. Leg and arm movements are an option... This is a continuous study, not a conclusion."

Since the invention of Biostamp in 2011, Rogers's laboratory has applied for more than 100 related patents, prompting the establishment of many new companies. One of the most promising companies is the MC10, which has received $60 million in private investment. Research on electronic skin has become a global phenomenon. For example, the University of Tokyo is studying "unbreakable" circuit boards, the Leibniz Institute's sensors can detect magnetic fields, and Nebraska-Lincoln University is studying breast cancer. Special equipment, Google is also joining the field.

Rogers student, Todd Coleman, a neuro-interactive laboratory at the University of San Diego College, is also working on an upgraded version of Biostamp. The lab focuses on medical projects such as confirming brain damage in premature infants and investigating Biostamp's use in the entertainment sector. Collieman's team has been able to use brainwaves to guide drones through electrodes, and is currently using the Biostamp platform to study similar functions.

Koliman recently founded Neuroverse with neurobiologist Ricardo Gil da Costa. In 2014, Costa partnered with Marvel Comics to demonstrate the possibilities of electronic skin for entertainment. Scientists designed a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) for the "Avenger Theme Interactive Exhibition" event in New York, allowing gamers to turn into "superheroes" and turn their brainwaves into spectacular action.

If this interface can be understood and used by non-professionals, we may enter a new era of personal responsibility for health and lifestyle. “We need to make sure that these devices can help people lead a healthy life and make better decisions. Do we need to see a doctor remotely? Can we adjust ourselves to health if we don’t have a doctor? How do we build,” said Keliman. A way of life: people change their lives through the information they get?"

Today's reactions to electronic skin are mixed, and fans and early adopters praise it, and privacy advocates worry that personal sensitive information is being violated. Despite this, the investment in electronic skin is increasing and the pace of research is accelerating. Jawbones and Fitbits may soon become obsolete, and wearables are just a prelude to fully dissolving equipment.

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