How does GPS determine the direction of magnetic north?
Magnetic north refers to the position of the north pole of the earth's magnetic field, and its position is constantly changing with various cycles over time. The rate of change is also different, and it is difficult to find patterns. However, we can monitor these changes.
True north refers to the north pole of the earth, such as the place where 90 degrees north latitude or meridians meet. This position will not change.
The two poles do not coincide, so you need to know the relationship between these two values ​​in order to connect the GPS direction angle to the compass direction angle. This relationship is called magnetization correction or magnetization deviation.
GPS cannot determine magnetic north, and satellites cannot provide magnetic correction values. However, some GPS receivers store this information in an internal database, so when users want to determine the track relative to magnetic north, they will use this internal information. Such information can be obtained from many places, such as the United States Geological Survey (USGS). USGS makes maps and provides software to help users determine these corrections. By telling your position (latitude and longitude), you can get these corrections. For more information, please contact USGS at (303) 273-8475.
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