Basic circuit diagram and op amp debugging of the op amp

I strongly believe that anyone involved in hardware design should understand the critical role that operational amplifiers (op-amps) play in circuit design. As one of the most versatile analog components, op-amps are widely used across various applications such as ADC front-end circuits, signal conditioning, and power supply designs. During my studies at university, I remember how challenging it was to work with op-amps, especially when dealing with their complex gain characteristics. Their circuit diagrams can be quite large and complicated, which often made the debugging process frustrating. However, mastering op-amps is essential for any engineer who wants to develop reliable analog systems.

Let's start by introducing the basic circuit configuration of an op-amp:

Basic circuit diagram and op amp debugging of the op amp

An operational amplifier is a DC-coupled, differential-input, single-ended output voltage amplifier with a very high open-loop gain. Although the external circuitry around an op-amp may seem simple, there are several important considerations when using them in practical designs.

The op-amp has two input terminals and one output terminal. As shown in the figure, the terminal marked with a "+" is called the "non-inverting input," while the one labeled with a "-" is the "inverting input." When the same signal is applied to both inputs, the output produces a signal with the same magnitude but opposite polarity. In other words, the output is in phase with the non-inverting input and out of phase with the inverting input.

In most practical applications, op-amps are used with negative feedback. This is typically done by connecting the output back to the inverting input. This configuration, as shown in the figure, helps stabilize the circuit because the open-loop gain of an op-amp is extremely high—often in the range of hundreds to tens of thousands. Without feedback, the op-amp would easily saturate and become unstable. By applying negative feedback, we can control the gain and ensure predictable performance in real-world circuits.

All In One Core I3

All In One Intel I3,I3 All In One Desktop,Pc All In One Core I3,Intel Core I3 All In One

Guangdong Elieken Electronic Technology Co.,Ltd. , https://www.elieken.com

Posted on