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It is reported that the US government has funded a "smart lighting" initiative to explore the integration of wireless communication capabilities into future LED lighting installations to provide a wider range of access points. The $185 million, 10-year US National Science Foundation program involves researchers from more than 30 universities. Among them are Boston University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York, and the University of New Mexico in Grand Central, New Mexico, USA.
The "Smart Lighting" initiative explores the use of visible light to enable communication between radios and LED-based lighting. LED-based solutions can also be used to communicate between cars that are increasingly used in LED applications. The whole goal is to build communication capabilities among all LED lighting while at the same time reducing the congestion of the RF band.
Thomas Little, a professor at Boston University, said, "There is a long history of using infrared to communicate. IRDA has built communication protocols for PDAs, printers, and notebook computers for many years. What we are doing now is to seize this opportunity. Embed networking capabilities into the LED lighting revolution. With the replacement of incandescent and fluorescent lights, we hope to embed networking technology into LED lighting."
Currently, LED-based communication functions using infrared LEDs, such as remote control functions, will be suitable for use with visible light to enable transceivers in digital devices to communicate with lighting devices. These lighting devices will be connected to the Internet via wired devices. Unlike RF-based WiFi access points that must share spectrum among all users, line-of-sight communication via visible light may enable different data streams to be fed into each device.
It is understood that researchers have experimented with different modulation schemes, including various encoders using standard binary coding, non-return to zero encoder, pulse code modulation and pulse-intensive modulation. They claim that as long as the data rate is higher than 900 KHz, each of them can not feel the light flickering under working conditions. The original prototype, which will be demonstrated in 2009, will run at 1-10 Mbits per second and will use the latest LEDs and LEDs to handle transmit and receive functions. The researchers also plan to develop new semiconductor technologies that will eventually be made into visible light transceivers.
Professor Thomas Little said, “As an integral part of the system, the receivers we need are usually made of light-emitting diodes,†one solution is to “use the same LED with reverse bias, and in effect, as a manufacturing process. One component is that one part of the LED acts as a receiver and the other part acts as a transmitter."
Currently, Boston University has established a website to publish a smart lighting transmission initiative. The team will also experiment with multiple wavelengths of light to encode multiple streams of data using different colors of light that make up white light. Optical polarization will also be the focus of multi-tasking communication strategies using visible light. Boston University will focus on system-level issues, including the development of computer networking applications. Semiconductor device development will be addressed by researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and the University of New Mexico.
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