Automotive tire pressure real-time monitoring system sensor introduction

The tire tire pressure real-time monitoring system (TPMS) has become a research and development hotspot in China's automotive electronics industry. In the next five years, it is estimated that there will be 700 million tires in the world that require tire pressure monitoring sensors. US law requires that all passenger cars and light trucks sold in the United States from August 2007 must have tire pressure monitoring systems installed, and European regulations have also been enacted. China is a big car consumer and believes that the government will formulate similar regulations in the near future. The demand for TPMS is making an emerging industry emerging.

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TPMS is the abbreviation of “Tire Pressure Monitoring System” for real-time monitoring system of automobile tire pressure. It is mainly used for automatic monitoring of tire air pressure in real time when the vehicle is running, and alarming for tire leakage and low air pressure to ensure driving safety. The life safety guarantee system for motorists and occupants.

Tire failure is the most worrying and most difficult to prevent for all drivers during high-speed driving, and is also an important cause of sudden traffic accidents. According to statistics, 70% to 80% of traffic accidents on highways are caused by punctures.

How to prevent puncture has become an important issue in safe driving. TPMS is one of the effective means of scientific explosion protection and early warning.

Introduction to TPMS System

The TPMS system consists of two main components: a remote tire pressure monitoring module mounted on the car's tires and a central monitor (LCD/LED display) mounted on the car's cab. The tire pressure and temperature module is mounted directly in each tire, and the measured signal is modulated and transmitted through high frequency radio waves (RF). A car or van TPMS system has 4 or 5 (including spare tires) TPMS monitoring modules, and a truck has 8 to 36 TPMS monitoring modules. The central monitor receives the signals transmitted by the TPMS monitoring module and displays the pressure and temperature data of each tire on the screen for the driver's reference. If the pressure or temperature of the tire is abnormal, the central monitor will send an alarm signal according to the abnormal situation to remind the driver to take the necessary measures.

Since most of the automobile tires are vacuum radial tires without inner tube, it is very convenient and easy to install the tire pressure monitoring module of TPMS in the tire, but the environment and temperature inside the tire are very bad when the car runs at high speed. The pressure, temperature and humidity change are particularly large. Therefore, the design of the module is to select components according to the requirements of military products, and to formulate the production process according to the requirements of industrial products. However, it is a general-purpose safety product for automobiles. It is priced according to consumer electronics.

The tire pressure monitoring module consists of five parts: 1. Smart sensor MCM with a combination of pressure, temperature, acceleration, voltage detection and post-signal processing ASIC chips. 2. 8-16 bit microcontroller (MCU). 3. RF transmitter chip. 4. Lithium battery. 5. Antenna. The shell is made of high-strength ABS plastic. All devices and materials must meet the operating temperature range of -40 ° C ~ 125 ° C.

The tire pressure monitoring module is a tire pressure, temperature real-time monitoring and data transmission system device mounted on the tire. The TPMS transmitter made by the tire pressure monitoring module is divided into two types: the built-in tire and the outer and outer tire.

TPMS Smart Sensor is a pressure sensor, temperature sensor, accelerometer, battery voltage detection, internal clock and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), sample/hold (S/H) fabricated by integrated silicon micromachining (MEMS) technology. ), SPI port, calibration, data management, ID code digital signal processing ASIC unit or MCU SoC, the module has mask programmability, that is, can be configured with customer-specific software. It is made up of two chips of MEMS sensor and ASIC/MCU circuit, which are fabricated in a package using integrated circuit technology. The smart sensor is an MCM module that integrates pressure/temperature, acceleration and MCU; each pressure sensor has a unique 16-32 bit ID code for easy identification of the TPMS receiver.

TPMS MEMS sensor

The sensors used in TPMS are very small, lightweight, and functionally demanding, so they can only be designed and manufactured using MEMS technology. At present, there are two main types of MEMS sensors used in TPMS, namely silicon piezoresistive sensors, such as GE NovaSensor's NPX1, NPX2, Infineon SensoNor's SP12, SP30, and SP35; and silicon integrated capacitive sensors such as Freescale's MPXY8020 and MPXY8040. MPXY8300 series. The intelligent sensors of the NPX and SP30, SP35, and MPXY8300 series include pressure sensors and accelerometers. The pressure sensors are mainly used to measure the pressure changes of the tires. The acceleration sensors use the sensitivity of their masses to the motion to realize real-time start-up of the car movement. The system self-checks and automatically wakes up. When the car is driving at high speed, it automatically and intelligently determines the detection time period according to the movement speed. The software sets the safety period, the sensitive period and the dangerous period to gradually shorten the inspection cycle, improve the early warning capability and save energy.

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