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With the general rise of new multiplex cinema construction, architectural acoustics in theater construction is particularly important. After many investigations, it was found that in the construction process of many cinemas, the owners, the technicians responsible for the construction and the design and construction personnel did not understand and pay attention to the architectural acoustics, and even the completed cinemas had certain examples of sound design flaws. 
In response to the problems existing in the current star rating of cinemas, Comrade Chen Jiang of the Star Rating and Testing Group of the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television has written many points about the acoustics of cinema buildings, such as low sound insulation and high background noise in adjacent audience halls. The reverberation time is not up to standard. We believe that these defects are indeed present in the construction of cinemas. I would like to talk about some of my own views on specific issues.
About sound insulation
Most of the construction of the new multiplex cinemas is mainly based on small multi-rooms, so as to make full use of the limited area and space to maximize the number of cinemas.
As the number of film shows has increased every year and digital movies have become more and more popular, the scale of multiplex cinemas has also expanded year by year. In large and medium-sized cities in China, the number of auditoriums in general multiplex cinemas is more than 6, 7 or more. The more common scale is a medium-sized cinema with about 300 seats. Then, according to the effective area, there are a number of small cinemas between 100 and 200 seats. Conditionally, a small VIP high-end auditorium can be designed to form different sizes. A multi-room cinema with diverse levels and complete formats.
Since most multiplex cinemas are located in densely populated commercial centers or large commercial buildings, the venue rental costs are relatively high, which requires the owners to make full use of the leased area as much as possible, increase the number of cinemas, and strive for higher The return on investment and the complete business format.
Based on the above situation, the projection process designer is required to make full use of the effective site area and space during the planning and design, as much as possible to arrange the number of cinemas and the completeness of the format, and also meet the relevant specifications. In order to achieve the above objectives, it is inevitable to form a partition wall or a walkway adjacent to the audience hall and the auditorium. In such a close arrangement of the theater, the sound insulation between each other is particularly important.
l, sound insulation between the hall and the hall
According to the requirements of the Digital Stereo Cinema Technical Standard, the sound insulation of the shared partition wall between the auditorium and the auditorium should have a sound insulation effect of not less than 60dB (C). In order to meet the above standard requirements, there are still some difficulties in general, especially in dealing with low frequency sound.
Firstly, the load of the original structure of the building is generally not allowed to be built according to the mass law of the air noise of a certain decibel value of the component. At the same time, the state also restricts the use of clay components with higher quality. At this time, consideration should be given to the use of other lightweight new materials to build the wall with a certain width of cavity (some also consider the use of a certain lightweight structure to assist the sound insulation). When using this method to separate the auditorium, it is necessary to carefully analyze and calculate, so as not to make the wall of the partition wall too thick (some partition walls are nearly 1mm thick after completion), and the effective site area is lost. It can also achieve the corresponding sound insulation effect; at the same time, it should also consider the economic factors such as the selection of materials.
Another way is to arrange an audience entrance and a walkway between the hall and the hall. In doing so, each hall can be constructed with a new material, lightweight wall or a lightweight structure. In this way, the sound insulation effect is very good, but the site occupancy is relatively large. To adopt this method, it is necessary to control the width of the walkway as much as possible according to the size of the hall and the relevant specifications. Under the premise of meeting the requirements of the specification, the control of the walkway of the audience will not be too wide and waste the area. At the same time, it should also be noted that the size and length-to-width ratio of the auditorium on both sides of the walkway meet the requirements of the standard, as well as the standard requirements for construction, and cannot be ignored. If a wall is not in the position of the structural beam, it is necessary to negotiate with the relevant parties to consider how to solve the load problem of the floor. Therefore, the projection process designer should pay attention to the relevant specifications and requirements of architectural acoustics when designing the process.
2. Sound insulation between the auditorium and the screening room and other layouts
According to the requirements of "Audio Design Specifications for Theaters, Cinemas and Multi-purpose Halls", the intermediate frequency sound insulation of the partition walls of the auditorium and the projection room should be ≥45dB. However, in the actual design operation, the sound insulation problem of the projection window and the observation window should also be fully considered. Because of the thickness of the optical glass and the sealing of the window, it is easy to cause the sound insulation to fall below the standard. I tend to have a smaller area of ​​the projection window as long as it satisfies the projection light and the viewing angle is unobstructed. At the same time, the sound absorption and noise reduction treatment of the projection room should also be considered, and the partition wall should be rationally designed according to the specific conditions.
If the exterior of the audience hall is a bustling commercial center (such as a pedestrian street) or a busy road, what is the maximum noise of a commercial center or a busy road? What is the relative distance between the location of the cinema and the noise source? According to the above-mentioned situation, the air sound insulation scheme is determined by calculation. Under normal circumstances, the noise of the commercial center and the general road will not exceed 75dB (A). The partition wall of the auditorium can basically be aerated concrete block wall or hollow brick wall with a thickness greater than 200mm and a surface density greater than 160KG/m2. If there are special circumstances (such as the car whistling frequent streets, etc.), in order to increase the sound insulation, it should also be appropriate to thicken the wall, or use a larger weight of materials, or add other lightweight structures to support sound insulation.
The partition wall between the partition wall of the audience hall and the entrance lobby or the entrance and exit walkways is relatively simple. Generally, the noise in the entrance hall is not very large, and it is basically in accordance with the above-mentioned external wall design. If the auditorium is close to other entertainment venues (such as OK Song City, entertainment facilities, etc.), or if there is only one wall, then the necessary sound insulation measures should be taken.
The sound insulation design of the slab and roof should also be fully considered. Since the thickness of the concrete poured in the general slab is only 12-15 cm, it should be treated separately according to the different business formats of the partition. In the case of a lightweight grid roof, measures should be taken to increase the amount of sound insulation in the auditorium based on the material of the lightweight roof and the thickness of the insulation. Attention should also be paid to the handling of impact sounds and solid sounds.
3, sound insulation door and voice lock
While solving the problem of sound insulation in the separation wall, we must also consider the sound insulation problem of the entrance and exit doors of the audience hall.
In terms of safety and fire prevention, each auditorium is a fire compartment. The entrance and exit doors of the auditorium are also part of the fire compartment, and also require certain fire resistance. However, from the perspective of cinema acoustics, each auditorium is also a closed acoustic partition. The auditorium entrance and the field gate are also part of the partition, and should also block the transmission of sound. Individual designers who do not have a good understanding of the acoustics of the theater building do not mention any acoustic requirements for the entrance and exit of the auditorium. They believe that it is sufficient to meet the fire protection specifications and decorative effects of the Class B fire doors. As everyone knows, the sound insulation requirements of the entrance and exit doors are neglected, and the separation wall is not good enough. In addition to the role of fire partitioning and decorative effects, sound insulation performance should also be included in the important content of procurement or production.
Generally, the sound insulation performance of the sound insulation door should be more than 35dB, which is the standard of the class III sound insulation door specified in the national standard "Airway sound insulation performance classification and detection method for building doors". The general fire door is still far from the above standards. In practical applications, not only the designer must propose the fire and sound insulation requirements of the entrance and exit doors, but also the necessary supervision of the installation quality during the construction and installation, especially the sealing of the door joints and the firmness of the components.
Because there is always a certain defect in the sound seal of a door, some design units introduce the voice lock into the design. The sound lock can effectively cut off (or weaken) the sound penetration of the access channel, which is very common in conditional situations. But everything has its positive and negative factors, such as cost issues, space issues, etc. have certain restrictions on this. For the sound gate, the author believes that it is not necessary to do it on the door. Even if the space of the venue permits, there is still a problem of cost. The purchase price of fireproof soundproof door and the cost of sound gate production are relatively high, and it is also the responsibility of the designer to save investment for the owner. As long as the ambient noise does not generate more than the allowed noise value in the corresponding hall when the soundproof door is closed, it is not necessary to install the voice lock.
In short, the planning division of the auditorium, the material and form of the partition wall, the selection of the soundproof door and the sound lock, etc., regardless of the method, must comprehensively consider the overall layout of the theater and related specifications and standards, but also fully consider Meet the relevant needs of cinema building acoustics. Only in this way can we achieve a perfect planning and design layout.
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