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On June 30, 2016, the media reported a shocking news: the "Model S" of the electric vehicle (EV) of Tesla Motors of the United States had a fatal accident when driving the "Autopilot" function. The US Department of Transportation's Highway Safety Administration (NHTSA) has launched an investigation into this. Is there a technical issue in this accident? Will it affect the autopilot technology that is accelerating development around the world? On these issues, the reporter interviewed Intel Business Planning and Policy Advance Director, who is engaged in the development of autonomous driving related business, and Ye Bianji, a visiting associate professor at Nagoya University. (Interviewer: Kinoka Yu)
1. Why did this accident happen?
Wilderness: From the statement issued by the US police, this is the case. At 3:40 pm on May 7, 2016, the Tesla Model S used the "Autopilot" feature on a four-lane highway in Levy County, Florida. At this time, a large trailer hits two lanes and turns left in the direction of Model S. The Model S then rushed to the front of the trailer, which was almost perpendicular to it. After drilling from the trailer, it hit the guardrail twice and crashed into the pole. The driver died on the spot.
Image from the internet
For this accident, Tesla Motors explained the following. "With the car camera looking at the front, the white side of the trailer suddenly covered the previously recognized blue sky. The camera failed to recognize the trailer and the automatic emergency brake did not start." For such an explanation, we need to analyze and judge whether the emergency braking system can be started to avoid accidents if the driver encounters the same situation during normal driving.
On the other hand, in this case, the driver may also misunderstand or be too convinced of Autopilot's "autopilot" ability. At this point, Tesla Motors and NHTSA may be blamed for not fully informing the driver and the market.
2. What technical means can be used to avoid such accidents?
Wild side: In order to start the emergency brake, in addition to the camera that is not good at instantaneous exposure adjustment, it is estimated that a combination of 79 GHz millimeter wave radar and optical radar is needed to more accurately identify the objects appearing in front, and to grasp and predict the surroundings. Irregular movement of cars and trailers.
You can also use a camera that can cope with dramatic changes in light. Or add HDR (High Dynamic Range) function to combine these images by taking normal exposure and overexposed, underexposed images to capture constant images under different light intensities.
3. What impact might this accident have on the future development of autonomous driving technology?
Wilderness: Japan may be tempted to criticize (criticize) the theory of autonomous driving. In fact, the current Autopilot does not implement the autopilot function. As of now, NHTSA does not allow commercial vehicles to use the autopilot function to drive on the road. This accident is not an "accident in automatic driving."
In fact, the definition of autonomous driving is still vague. In 2013, NHTSA divided the automobile automation into “0 to 4†in the “Automobile Automation Definition†program. Level 0 represents no automation at all. Level 1 represents one of the three projects of steering wheel, throttle and brake, and more than one has achieved automation independently. Level 2 represents the steering wheel, throttle and brakes, and there are more than 2 composite linkages to achieve automation. Level 3 or above is automatic driving.
The current version of Autopilot equipped with the Model S in this accident has an automation level below Level 2 defined by NHTSA. “The ultimate responsibility is the responsibility of the personâ€. The definition of "automobile automation" developed by NHTSA has been widely recognized internationally and can be regarded as a guideline for automation development. But Japan only translated a part of the definition, and some explanations are still wrong. This makes the Japanese and some Tesla users mistakenly think that the current Autopilot achieves automatic driving. It seems that some media said that the cause of this accident was "artificial intelligence misjudgment", etc., which is ridiculously speechless.
In the aforementioned solution, the automatic driving that NHTSA now recognizes is only “road test†and strict instructions are made to avoid accidents at this stage, but the plan also clearly states that without accidents, the technology will not progress. Therefore, NHTSA requires companies to report details without any concealment after an accident.
The ultimate goal of NHTSA is to advance the development of autonomous driving technology. I hope that Japan’s wrong report on this matter will not hinder the development of autonomous driving technology in Japan.
(This article is from Nikkei Technology Online, and the content is from Nikkei Technology Online. This article is shared and forwarded.)
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