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Fire emergency luminaries are essential for personnel evacuation and fire fighting during fires. They are extremely important for the safe evacuation of personnel during fires and for firefighters to enter the fire building for rescue. However, the author found in the daily fire supervision and inspection that there are problems in the selection, design, installation and use of many fire emergency lamps, which makes the fire emergency lamps not function properly. There are still quite a few public places in this area, and there is still a lack of attention to the setting of fire emergency lighting and evacuation indicators. Some units confuse fire emergency lighting equipment with civilian emergency lights due to lack of professional knowledge. Some units have chosen products without production license manufacturers, and some units have improper installation positions and cannot function as they should.
First, from the perspective of legal protection, the implementation of the new national standards is not strict, and the relevant laws and sub-standards are not perfect. Although China issued the implementation of the industry standard GA54-93 "General Technical Conditions for Fire Emergency Lighting" in 1993, and on January 3, 2000, the new national standard GB17945-2000 "Fire Emergency Lights" was released. In fact, the implementation of the new standards by emergency lighting manufacturers and engineering acceptance personnel is not good, resulting in products that do not meet current production standards and are used in large quantities. At the same time, there is no corresponding sub-standard for the design, installation and acceptance of fire emergency lighting. Only in the current "Code for Fire Protection of Building Design" (hereinafter referred to as "the Regulations"), "Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings" (hereinafter referred to as "High Regulations") and other main specifications have made some provisions on the setting of fire emergency lamps. . However, it is not difficult to find that these regulations lack specificity and operability. The performance of fire emergency luminaries cannot be guaranteed in the aspects of engineering design, installation, acceptance and use.
Second, from the product itself, the domestic fire emergency lighting products have a single type, which results in the majority of fire emergency lighting units can not be properly selected. At present, the international fire emergency luminaries can be generally divided into the following seven types according to the Power Supply mode and control method:
1, with power supply independent control type
2, comes with power centralized control type
3, centralized power supply independent control type
4, centralized power supply centralized control type
5, the mother and child power supply independent control type
6, child-powered centralized control type
7, the mother and child power control type
However, the form of fire emergency lighting products in China is relatively simple. At present, domestic products are mainly controlled by their own power supply. According to statistics, such products account for about 80% of the total domestic products. The centralized power supply centralized control fire emergency luminaries widely used in large projects in developed countries are produced by only a dozen enterprises in China, and the number of products only accounts for more than 10% of the total production of the domestic products, which is in short supply; The centralized control type, the sub-master power supply independent control type, the sub-mother power centralized control type and the sub-mother power supply sub-control type fire emergency lighting products have no mature products in China, and cannot meet the actual needs. The irrational product structure has caused many units to not reasonably select according to the actual conditions of the unit's project, leaving a congenital hidden danger for future use.
Third, the low-level emergency lighting installation technology has not been widely used. Low-level emergency lighting technology refers to a new installation application technology that provides evacuation emergency lighting at or near the ground level. It has special advantages and unique features compared with traditional high-level (overhead) installation technology. It is generally believed that the benefits of low-level emergency lighting installation technology are not only its low maintenance, low cost and cost-effective advantages, but more importantly its long-term safety and reliability advantages. Traditional high-level emergency lighting installation technology is often used in large spaces with high ceilings and evacuated walkways or walls at a height of one person from the ground, providing uniform illumination for spaces and walkways, and providing clear information for walkways and The direction signs generally use traditional continuous emergency lighting and 8 watt rechargeable emergency sign luminaires. However, in more limited spaces, such as corridors with relatively low ceilings, high-level emergency lighting systems often provide less illuminance than low-level emergency lighting systems, because when it is on fire, there is less smoke near the ground, more oxygen, and more convenient for people. The natural evacuation reaction, that is, bending or squatting; on the other hand, the low-level emergency lighting system uses an LED light source that emits strong light that penetrates the smoke, a standard incandescent lamp module, and a high-brightness module to produce an ideal local high. Illumination makes it easier for evacuation personnel to identify evacuation walkways and find the final exit quickly and safely. Therefore, low-level lighting is important for safe evacuation of people in fires and other emergency situations. After investigating more than 1,300 public gathering places and large office buildings owned by all fire departments in Rizhao City and all districts and counties, the author found that almost no units used low-level emergency lighting systems. The author thinks there may be three reasons for this. First, in the current "Building Regulations" and "High Regulations", there is no clear regulation on the design and installation of low-level emergency lighting systems and high-level emergency lighting systems. Second, the low-level emergency lighting technology itself has not been obtained by relevant departments. Widely promoted, including design and construction units are not very familiar with this technology; Third, there are fewer manufacturers of low-level emergency lighting products in China, and the products have not been widely promoted and popularized. According to relevant information, low-level emergency lighting technology has been widely adopted in the United States. The Underwriters Laboratories UL has published the standard for the low-level installed guideway signage system. In Europe, the combination of low-level emergency lighting or low-level emergency signs and high-level emergency lighting is widely used in various public buildings, and the fire low is set. Emergency lighting technology standards. So in this respect, our country has clearly fallen behind abroad.
It can be seen that the fire emergency luminaires have been used as a necessary facility for fire evacuation and firefighters to enter the indoor fire fighting, and have not fully played their due role in China. The author believes that the following measures should be taken:
1. Under the premise of ensuring the strict implementation of existing national standards, relevant departments shall, as soon as possible, formulate fire protection sub-specifications for the selection, design, installation and use of fire emergency luminaries, and form the main norms such as “Building Regulations†and “High Regulationsâ€. supplement. At the same time, establish legal requirements and requirements for the effective implementation of these norms. Standardize the behavior of the production, design, installation and use of fire emergency luminaires.
2. Appropriately modify or supplement some provisions of the “Regulations†and “High Regulations†on fire emergency luminaries, increase the selection of fire emergency luminaries and specific installation technical requirements, so that reasonable selection can be enforced.
Third, the state should encourage fire emergency lighting manufacturers to carry out technological transformation, promote new technologies, increase product types, and provide users with a wider choice of space.
Fourth, strengthen the training of engineering electrical design personnel and fire auditors, improve their professional and technical level, at the source of engineering design and audit can be put to live, to prevent design selection and other errors.
First, from the perspective of legal protection, the implementation of the new national standards is not strict, and the relevant laws and sub-standards are not perfect. Although China issued the implementation of the industry standard GA54-93 "General Technical Conditions for Fire Emergency Lighting" in 1993, and on January 3, 2000, the new national standard GB17945-2000 "Fire Emergency Lights" was released. In fact, the implementation of the new standards by emergency lighting manufacturers and engineering acceptance personnel is not good, resulting in products that do not meet current production standards and are used in large quantities. At the same time, there is no corresponding sub-standard for the design, installation and acceptance of fire emergency lighting. Only in the current "Code for Fire Protection of Building Design" (hereinafter referred to as "the Regulations"), "Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings" (hereinafter referred to as "High Regulations") and other main specifications have made some provisions on the setting of fire emergency lamps. . However, it is not difficult to find that these regulations lack specificity and operability. The performance of fire emergency luminaries cannot be guaranteed in the aspects of engineering design, installation, acceptance and use.
Second, from the product itself, the domestic fire emergency lighting products have a single type, which results in the majority of fire emergency lighting units can not be properly selected. At present, the international fire emergency luminaries can be generally divided into the following seven types according to the Power Supply mode and control method:
1, with power supply independent control type
2, comes with power centralized control type
3, centralized power supply independent control type
4, centralized power supply centralized control type
5, the mother and child power supply independent control type
6, child-powered centralized control type
7, the mother and child power control type
However, the form of fire emergency lighting products in China is relatively simple. At present, domestic products are mainly controlled by their own power supply. According to statistics, such products account for about 80% of the total domestic products. The centralized power supply centralized control fire emergency luminaries widely used in large projects in developed countries are produced by only a dozen enterprises in China, and the number of products only accounts for more than 10% of the total production of the domestic products, which is in short supply; The centralized control type, the sub-master power supply independent control type, the sub-mother power centralized control type and the sub-mother power supply sub-control type fire emergency lighting products have no mature products in China, and cannot meet the actual needs. The irrational product structure has caused many units to not reasonably select according to the actual conditions of the unit's project, leaving a congenital hidden danger for future use.
Third, the low-level emergency lighting installation technology has not been widely used. Low-level emergency lighting technology refers to a new installation application technology that provides evacuation emergency lighting at or near the ground level. It has special advantages and unique features compared with traditional high-level (overhead) installation technology. It is generally believed that the benefits of low-level emergency lighting installation technology are not only its low maintenance, low cost and cost-effective advantages, but more importantly its long-term safety and reliability advantages. Traditional high-level emergency lighting installation technology is often used in large spaces with high ceilings and evacuated walkways or walls at a height of one person from the ground, providing uniform illumination for spaces and walkways, and providing clear information for walkways and The direction signs generally use traditional continuous emergency lighting and 8 watt rechargeable emergency sign luminaires. However, in more limited spaces, such as corridors with relatively low ceilings, high-level emergency lighting systems often provide less illuminance than low-level emergency lighting systems, because when it is on fire, there is less smoke near the ground, more oxygen, and more convenient for people. The natural evacuation reaction, that is, bending or squatting; on the other hand, the low-level emergency lighting system uses an LED light source that emits strong light that penetrates the smoke, a standard incandescent lamp module, and a high-brightness module to produce an ideal local high. Illumination makes it easier for evacuation personnel to identify evacuation walkways and find the final exit quickly and safely. Therefore, low-level lighting is important for safe evacuation of people in fires and other emergency situations. After investigating more than 1,300 public gathering places and large office buildings owned by all fire departments in Rizhao City and all districts and counties, the author found that almost no units used low-level emergency lighting systems. The author thinks there may be three reasons for this. First, in the current "Building Regulations" and "High Regulations", there is no clear regulation on the design and installation of low-level emergency lighting systems and high-level emergency lighting systems. Second, the low-level emergency lighting technology itself has not been obtained by relevant departments. Widely promoted, including design and construction units are not very familiar with this technology; Third, there are fewer manufacturers of low-level emergency lighting products in China, and the products have not been widely promoted and popularized. According to relevant information, low-level emergency lighting technology has been widely adopted in the United States. The Underwriters Laboratories UL has published the standard for the low-level installed guideway signage system. In Europe, the combination of low-level emergency lighting or low-level emergency signs and high-level emergency lighting is widely used in various public buildings, and the fire low is set. Emergency lighting technology standards. So in this respect, our country has clearly fallen behind abroad.
It can be seen that the fire emergency luminaires have been used as a necessary facility for fire evacuation and firefighters to enter the indoor fire fighting, and have not fully played their due role in China. The author believes that the following measures should be taken:
1. Under the premise of ensuring the strict implementation of existing national standards, relevant departments shall, as soon as possible, formulate fire protection sub-specifications for the selection, design, installation and use of fire emergency luminaries, and form the main norms such as “Building Regulations†and “High Regulationsâ€. supplement. At the same time, establish legal requirements and requirements for the effective implementation of these norms. Standardize the behavior of the production, design, installation and use of fire emergency luminaires.
2. Appropriately modify or supplement some provisions of the “Regulations†and “High Regulations†on fire emergency luminaries, increase the selection of fire emergency luminaries and specific installation technical requirements, so that reasonable selection can be enforced.
Third, the state should encourage fire emergency lighting manufacturers to carry out technological transformation, promote new technologies, increase product types, and provide users with a wider choice of space.
Fourth, strengthen the training of engineering electrical design personnel and fire auditors, improve their professional and technical level, at the source of engineering design and audit can be put to live, to prevent design selection and other errors.
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