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First, the content and requirements of emergency lighting
In the "Architectural Lighting Design Standards" (GB50034-2004) it has been proposed that emergency lighting can include evacuation lighting, safety lighting and standby lighting. In the "Fire Protection Code for High-Rise Civil Buildings" GB50045-95 (2005 Edition), Chapter IX, Section 2 and "Code for Fire Protection of Building Design" GBJ16-87 (2001 Edition) Chapter 10, Section 2 "Fire Accident Lighting and Evacuation The part to be set is specified in the indicator. In this way, the designer adopts different methods in the control according to the characteristics of use and the requirements of Party A, so that the emergency lighting design has a variety of situations and a hundred flowers.
(1) Evacuation lighting.
Evacuation lighting includes evacuation indicating lighting, ie, an "exit indicator light" that marks the exit location and a "pointing light" that directs the exit and an "evacuation light" that meets the evacuation channel lighting requirements. Usually the safety exit sign lights and evacuation lights use emergency lighting fixtures with their own batteries. When normal, the battery is charging. When the normal power supply is cut off, the lamp itself performs power switching and is powered by the battery. This type of lamp usually uses three-wire power distribution. Evacuation lighting arrangements, some use special lamps, do not ignite when normal, ignite in case of fire or accident. In this way, regardless of whether the luminaire does not occupy the normal lamp position, the luminaire arrangement is messy.
Some choose the same lighting fixture as the location, this light occupies the normal light position. This brings about the problem of control, and must be able to ignite both normal and abnormal. For this, the design must be considered.
According to experience, the evacuation lights in the corridor can be arranged with emergency lights, and no emergency lighting is provided. This can meet the normal illumination standard and the illumination requirement during the accident. Corridors in buildings with higher grades can all be designed according to evacuation lighting requirements. For the evacuation lighting of the business hall, the business hall with a larger area must not only set the safety indicator light at the safety exit, but also set up the accident lighting in the business hall. In the design, the normal lighting distribution box is installed in the business hall. And accident lighting distribution box. The accident lighting box can be switched automatically for dual power supply or battery can be used to maintain continuous lighting. The luminaires of the accident lighting box are three-wire power distribution. Accident lighting fixtures are arranged one to two lines apart from normal lighting fixtures. In this way, all of the inputs can be used as normal lighting, or emergency lighting can be done in the event of an accident, which can meet the evacuation requirements and meet the requirements for temporary business continuity, and can use the lighting of the emergency lighting circuit as the nighttime lighting treatment. It is very convenient.
(2) Safety exit sign lights.
Some people think. The safety exit indicator light is the same as the evacuation indicator and is normally off. In fact, the safety exit sign should be clear because it is a safety guarantee. When people walk into a new building, they are not familiar with the environment. I will always consider it first, if I go out in the event of an accident? It is often very important to pay attention to the setting of safe exits and to set up a prominent safety exit sign. Like shopping malls, restaurants, multi-purpose halls, fitness and entertainment venues, if there is no business, no one is in or out. In order to save electricity, the evacuation lighting can be turned off, and the three-wire wiring is used to make the battery in the emergency light be charged.
(3) Standby lighting and safety lighting.
The place where the work still needs to be done after the accident should be arranged in accordance with the normal lighting.
By using part or all of the normal lighting, power switching is performed at the time of failure or all emergency lighting is used.
Second, problems in emergency lighting design
A few days ago. There is no domestic emergency lighting design specification. The design of emergency lighting for high-rise buildings is based on the relevant chapters in the Code for Fire Protection of High-Rise Civil Buildings, GB50045-95 (2005 Edition). High-rise buildings are generally classified as one type of building. The requirements are higher, and the location of emergency lighting is relatively clear. When a fire or malfunction occurs, the safety evacuation of personnel can be achieved and the accident can be reduced. The design of emergency lighting for multi-story buildings is based on the relevant chapters in the Code for Fire Protection of Building Design GBJ16-87 (2001 Edition). The provisions stipulate the principle of comparison, which is not comprehensive enough and there are imperfections.
Emergency lighting is to ensure the safety of people in the building and fire and rescue work. Therefore, emergency lighting is a very important safety facility. In the design of emergency lighting, it should be required by high standards, and the slight increase in the cost of the entire building is excellent value for money. For example, a shopping mall has a second-floor business hall with escalators, each with an area of ​​1,300 square meters. There are evacuation sign lights only at the safe exit of the stairs, and there is no emergency lighting in the entire business hall. There are great hidden dangers. As design days, emergency lighting can be added to the stairwells of public buildings and the business halls of shopping malls. However, it is difficult to deal with the review project as a review office. The "Code for Fire Protection of Building Design" stipulates that "the fire accident lighting should be provided for each floor area exceeding 1500 square meters", according to which the design does not violate the specifications. Although there is a “Electrical Design Code for Civil Buildingsâ€, there should be “equipment lighting for each level of crowded public activitiesâ€, but it is not a “compulsory provisionâ€. In the event of a fire or sudden power outage in the building, the entire hall will be dark, only a trace of light at the exit of the stairs, people will inevitably run to the stairs, the hall is complicated and there is a place where the escalator is uneven, which will inevitably lead to confusion. Crowded, there is no emergency lighting in the stairwell, which is very likely to cause casualties, which greatly reduces the safety performance of the building.
The Code for Fire Protection of High-rise Civil Buildings stipulates that the spacing between emergency lighting and walkway evacuation sign lights in stairwells shall not exceed 20 square meters, while the "Code for Fire Protection in Building Design" only stipulates that closed stairwells and closed stairwells or smokeproofs shall be provided as required. Evacuation walkway in the stairwell. There is a difference between the high-rise building and the multi-storey building emergency lighting installation. But the key parts should be consistent. Because of the accident, stairwells and corridors are the only way to safe evacuation. If the safety level is raised, emergency lighting can be provided in the stairwells and corridors of all buildings, and the safety factor can be greatly improved. It has been reported that due to the poor lighting facilities in a stairwell, students were forced to go downstairs after a long night of self-study and caused casualties. The imperfect safety performance of emergency lighting design is reflected in the multi-storey building. In short, the current emergency lighting design specifications for multi-story buildings are not rigorous enough. In the international developed countries, the regulations for setting emergency lighting places are more specific, broader and stricter, which is worth learning from. The regulations for emergency lighting fixtures in Japanese buildings are very strict: emergency lighting should be provided for all public places and buildings with more than three floors of more than 500 square meters. Other developed countries have similar regulations. China has joined the WTO, international exchanges have become more frequent, and architectural design should also move closer to internationalization.
Third, the conclusion
In order to protect national property and personal safety from losses or losses, the State should formulate emergency lighting regulations as soon as possible.
Emergency lighting fixtures must be installed in all public places and buildings of more than three floors with an area of ​​more than 500 square meters.
Supplementary amendments to existing safety hazards due to insufficient emergency lighting, emergency lighting and increased evacuation illumination in key parts of all public buildings, such as stairwells and corridors, and listed as mandatory provisions for implementation.
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