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On June 13th, China China Optical Network Seminar was held in Beijing. At the meeting, Wei Leping, director of China Telecom Science and Technology Commission, explained the challenges faced by optical communication in 5G era, 4 kinds of pre-transmission schemes of 5G and optical communication in the background of 5G era. Opportunities facing the industry. He said that the challenge facing the 5G era is the challenge of fiber infrastructure, which is a competition for fiber infrastructure. Optical fiber, optical modules, and high-speed optical access network systems will become the three beneficiaries of the 5G era.
The challenge of fiber infrastructure in the 5G era
Director Wei Leping explained the challenges of the fiber infrastructure in the 5G era from two aspects. On the one hand, the 5G standard introduces a new cloud network architecture and a new interface, requiring the basic fiber network to support ten times the 4G rate with one-tenth of the 4G delay, which is a huge pressure. On the other hand, in order to maintain the economic viability of the network, G requires the fiber network to innovate from architecture to technology to control the growing cost of fiber infrastructure. Obviously, the best way to control cost growth is to make full use of the existing FTTH fiber infrastructure, including machine room cabinets, pipe holes, poles, ODNs, fiber optic cables, fiber optics, and more. To achieve the sharing of fixed-base resources, fiber-optic infrastructure resources have become the main point of 5G differentiated competition.
Director Wei said that the advantage of solid-sharing infrastructure sharing is to save investment and speed up the progress of the project. In the future, 5G will use both centimeter and millimeter waves in urban areas, and the density of physical base stations per square kilometer will be several times higher. For example, the 3.5GHz band is 14dB larger than the 1.8GHz band, 14dB is 30 times, and the signal is 30 times weaker. Therefore, the coverage of the base station is definitely smaller and smaller, and the base station density will certainly be several times more. The millimeter wave may be ten times more, and the number of fiber connections covered may reach several tens of hundreds. Fixed-line FTTH covers thousands of users, and the number of fiber-optic connections can reach several thousand or even tens of thousands. These data were obtained by China Telecom in several cities in China. The number of fiber connections for FTTH is at least 10 times that of 5G. So the existing fiber infrastructure has the capacity to accommodate 5G. Building dedicated fiber optics for 5G wireless base stations will incur significant investment and time costs. Using shared resources can save up to 50% of your investment.
The second advantage is that scalability is good. As the number of 5G users increases, the application of new services and the consumption of traffic increase, the capacity demand of 5G radio access networks will continue to grow, and FTTH based on various PON technologies has a good long-term evolution and upgrade capability. Provide at least tens of times the capacity expansion space on the same fiber infrastructure. In one is good service quality. FTTH has high-quality QoS capabilities, can support voice, data and video triple-play services, and can fully support 5G services.
The last advantage is that simultaneous deployment is convenient and efficient. 5G must support packet-based and physical-layer-based synchronization, and actual networks often have no external clocks to access or access costs. The PON has adapted architecture features and an effective tunable synchronization algorithm.
5G prequel technology solution
At the meeting, Director Wei introduced the technology of the 5G prequel. He said that there are many solutions for the 5G prequel technology. From the perspective of China Telecom, there are at least four. Considering other operators may have more. The first one is fiber-optic direct drive. This scheme is a point-to-point structure. It has the advantages of simple low latency and fast deployment. However, it consumes many optical fibers and has weak management functions. It is suitable for fiber-rich regions. The second is passive WDM color light. This scheme is a point-to-point topology. The DU and AAU need to be paired with the color light module, which has the advantages of saving fiber, low delay, simple maintenance, low cost (saving the load-bearing and white-light interconnection module); the disadvantage is that the management function is weak, no protection, and the device insertion loss is increased. The third is active WDM color light (M-OTN). The scheme is a point-to-point topological structure. Translucency differs from passive WDM colorlight in that the access point needs to simplify the packaging of CPRI/eCPRI. This solution features single-stage multiplexing, flexible slot structure, simplified overhead, etc., trying to achieve low-cost, low-latency, low-power targets. It can inherit the original OTN features; OAM function is strong, natural hard slice, stable low delay, is conducive to achieve comprehensive bearing. The fourth is WDM PON. The scheme is a star/tree structure, fully transparent and belongs to passive WDM color light. The advantage is low latency and full transparency. Secondly, the colorless ONU is easy to open and operate and operate. The combination of star topology is very suitable for base station decentralized and phased construction mode. Finally, it is conducive to the solid transfer of the fusion bearer. The disadvantage is that the tunable laser cost is high; the ONU needs to meet the industrial temperature requirements to meet the severe conditions of -40 degrees to 85 degrees; the AWG filter splitting is not compatible with the FTTH capability splitting network.
5G opportunities for optical communications
Director Wei believes that the large increase in 5G base stations has made optical fiber the first beneficiary. According to the existing 3.5GHz frequency band, due to the high frequency band and poor coverage, the difference is 14dB compared with the 1.8GHz frequency band, and the number of base stations may be doubled. If you consider the millimeter wave application, the number of base stations will increase significantly. The data of Fiber BB AssociaTIon shows that the 5G fiber consumption is 16 times that of 4G. Considering that the density of 4G base stations in China is already very high, the distance between urban and urban areas is about 200-500 meters. It is estimated that the number of 5G base stations will not increase so much. The amount of optical fiber is estimated to be twice that of 4G, and there are at least several hundred million core kilometers. Coupled with non-technical and irrational competition, the demand for large multi-mode fiber that may be expected to be applied to the pre-transmission of single-mode fiber will also increase.
The optical module is the second beneficiary. It is assumed that the number of 5G base stations in the 3.5 GHz band is twice that of the 1.8 GHz 4G base station. The base station is considered as three sectors. The network architecture is expected to be concentrated according to large concentration and small concentration. The entire 5G network will bring tens of millions of 25/50Gbps high-speed optical module usage. In the further consideration of the huge development space of China's data center, the United States currently accounts for 45% of IDC, and China's broadband users are three times that of the United States, but China only accounts for 8% of IDC. This shows that the development space of high-speed optical modules is even more impressive.
The high-speed optical access network system is the third beneficiary. The new 5G architecture expands the backhaul/preamble capacity by several tens of times, reaching tens of hundreds of Gbps levels. It is necessary to introduce passive WDM based on 25/50 Gbps, active WDM OTN/M-OTN, SPN, WDM PON, Tunable lasers, high-speed optical modules and WDM are demanding and price sensitive. Secondly, the eCPRI system will become the leading underlying interface technology; the new 5G architecture needs to introduce the F1exE interface to support network slicing; introduce EVPN and SR simplified control protocols, enhance flexible scheduling capabilities; introduce SDN architecture to realize automatic service delivery and flexible adjustment. It can be seen that 5G will bring new opportunities for high-speed optical access systems.
Finally, Wei Leping said: "5G will also promote the capacity upgrade of metropolitan area networks and backbone networks. In the metropolitan area network, 5G traffic will gradually approach fixed network traffic; in the backbone network, 5G traffic will also account for Will be greatly improved; optical network and IP network need to be greatly expanded and upgraded, all-optical network 2.0 ushered in new opportunities."
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