What is HDR and what are the criteria for HDR division?

HDR, which stands for High Dynamic Range, originated in the television industry and has become increasingly common in mobile devices over the past two years. Many smartphones now offer an HDR camera mode, while some manufacturers claim their devices have HDR displays or support HDR video playback. The platform has also announced support for HDR content. This technology is reshaping the entire film and television production and distribution chain. So, what exactly is HDR? Is all the marketing hype just exaggeration? What are the real requirements to enjoy true HDR content? In this article, we will break down what you need to know about HDR. 1. What is HDR and what are the criteria for HDR? 2. What conditions are needed to watch authentic HDR content? This is the first part of our HDR series: "What is HDR and what are the criteria for HDR allocation?" HDR stands for High Dynamic Range, which refers to the range of brightness and contrast in an image. When a screen can accurately reproduce the visual details that the human eye sees, there’s no need for the term "high dynamic range." Think of it as a 100% accurate representation of reality. The human eye can perceive brightness levels ranging from about 10-3 nits to 10^6 nits, with a contrast ratio of up to 10,000:1. However, most screens today only reach around 300-400 nits in brightness and have a contrast ratio of about 2000:1. Clearly, there's still a long way to go before screens can fully replicate what the human eye sees. Color depth is a key aspect of HDR. Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) uses 8-bit color depth, meaning each primary color (red, green, blue) is divided into 256 levels, resulting in 16.7 million colors. In contrast, HDR typically uses 10-bit color depth, allowing for 1.07 billion colors—offering much more nuanced shading and richer visuals. HDR cameras work by capturing multiple exposures (overexposed, normal, and underexposed) and merging them into one image to reveal more detail in both highlights and shadows. Early HDR modes required significant processing power, but modern devices like the iPhone 8 series use powerful processors to make the process almost seamless. Another important factor is the color gamut. While SDR typically supports the BT.709 standard (approximately 95% of the NTSC color space), HDR uses the BT.2020 standard, which covers a much wider range of colors. This allows for more vibrant and accurate color reproduction. Different HDR standards exist, such as HDR10, HDR10+, and Dolby Vision. HDR10 is an open standard that requires 10-bit color depth and support for the BT.2020 color space. HDR10+ adds frame-by-frame brightness adjustments, while Dolby Vision offers even higher quality and requires certified hardware, making it more expensive. As HDR continues to evolve, it's becoming more common in mobile devices. Sony Xperia XZ Premium was the first phone to feature a 4K HDR screen, and other models like LG G6 and V30 also support HDR. As mobile display technology advances, HDR is expected to become a major innovation alongside curved and full-screen designs. In the next part of this series, we'll explore how to distinguish between genuine and fake HDR content. Stay tuned!

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