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With the gradual popularization of plant factories, the cultivation of high value-added precious medicinal plants is bound to be an important development direction. LED light source is considered to be a high-quality light source capable of providing suitable light environment parameters for medicinal plants.
Medicinal plants have a long history in China. With the rapid development of the social economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people's requirements for the prevention and treatment of diseases have become more urgent, and the demand for medicinal materials has also increased greatly. At the same time, with the continuous research on medicinal plants, especially Chinese medicine plants, it is found that traditional Chinese medicine has a peculiar therapeutic effect in many fields where Western medicine is powerless. Therefore, research on plant cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine has received increasing attention.
However, the acquisition of medicinal plants mainly comes from wild and open field cultivation, with a long growth cycle and low yield, and some plants are difficult to domesticate due to their special growth environment. In recent years, with the increasing demand for medicinal plants and the increase in export volume, it has been difficult to meet market demand by relying solely on wild medicinal resources. How to expand the source of medicinal materials without changing the natural resources, and change the situation of short supply, especially to ensure the continuous supply of rare and demanding medicinal materials, has important practical significance.
1. Advantages of LED cultivation in medicinal plants
Medicinal plant cultivation is a production mode of high quality and high yield cultivation on the basis of wild domestication. Different medicinal plants have different requirements for the ecological environment. The wildness of medicinal plants determines the particularity of their growing environment, which puts higher requirements on the control of artificial domestication environment. The artificial light plant factory makes it possible to domesticate and rapidly produce wild medicinal plants due to its excellent environmental control ability.
As a resource-intensive production mode, plant factories can simulate the growth environment required by medicinal plants to the greatest extent. At the same time, due to the multi-layered three-dimensional cultivation, the utilization rate, output rate and economic benefit of unit land can be greatly improved. Light is the most important environmental factor for plant growth, and the suitable light environment is the primary prerequisite for achieving high quality and high yield of medicinal plants. The research and development of LED light sources has made it possible to optimize the control of the light environment of medicinal plants.
For medicinal plant cultivation, the outstanding advantages of LED: First, it can emit monochromatic light with a half-wave width of ±20 nm, which can provide the special light environment required by plants; second, the illuminance has a linear relationship with the duty cycle. Easy to adjust the illuminance. At present, the artificial light source commonly used, the fluorescent lamp contains more blue light, the incandescent lamp and the high-pressure sodium lamp contain more infrared light, and the emission spectrum thereof is fixed, and the effective light environment adjustment cannot be performed. Therefore, LED has obvious advantages in domestication and cultivation of medicinal plants.
The initial investment cost of plant factories is large, and the production of medicinal plants with high added value is also an important direction and trend for future development. The use and gradual popularization of LED light sources will give full play to the advantages of high-precision environmental control in medicinal plant factories.
2, Dendrobium test
Dendrobium candidum is a valuable and ancient medicinal plant, first recorded in the "Shen Nong's Herbal Classic" by the Liang Dynasty before 2000. Pharmacological studies have shown that Dendrobium can significantly increase the level of SOD (superoxide dismutase), reduce LPO (peroxidized lipid) and play a role in delaying aging. Modern pharmacological experiments have found that Dendrobium has anti-aging and enhances immunity, anti-tumor, treatment of cataract, dilation of blood vessels and anti-platelet aggregation, and clearing of throat and phlegm. The compound preparation mainly prepared by Dendrobium is widely used in clinical practice, can lower blood sugar, improve immunity, and is safe and non-toxic.
Dendrobium candidum has strict requirements on the ecological environment, natural reproduction is difficult, survival rate is low and growth rate is slow. Therefore, the artificial propagation of Dendrobium candidum has become an important issue by means of facility horticultural control. Based on the previous studies on the environment of Dendrobium candidum, this experiment explored the effects of LED light quality and its proportion on the survival rate and growth of Dendrobium candidum tissue culture seedlings, and proposed the light environment for the growth and development of Dendrobium candidum in the closed plant. The index provides theoretical and experimental basis for artificial breeding of Dendrobium candidum.
(1) Test materials
The test was carried out in a greenhouse plant factory from April to August. The test material was selected from the same source of D. officinale, with a height of about 25 mm and a fresh mass of about 400 mg, and transplanted into a 50-well tray. The substrate in the tray is made of orchid-specific culture soil containing bark, bluestone, ceramsite and nutrient particles, and artificial irrigation is carried out using a nutrient solution with an EC of 1.8 mS/cm.
The LED planar light source system independently developed by the Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences was selected (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). The light source system consists of a red LED with a wavelength of 660 nm (half-wave width of ±20 nm) and a blue LED of 450 nm (half-wave width of ±20 nm). The illuminance can be achieved from 0 to 288 μmol/( M2·s) can be adjusted freely, and the illumination distance between the light source and the plant can also be adjusted according to the demand.
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