What are the key elements of intelligent robot?

An intelligent robot is called a smart robot because it has a fairly developed "brain." What works in the brain is the central processor, which has a direct connection with the person who operates it. Robots have become more and more widely used in current production and life, and they are replacing people to play an increasingly important role.

With the rapid advancement of computers, microelectronics, and information technology, the development speed of robotics is getting faster and faster, and the degree of intelligence is getting higher and higher, and the scope of application has also been greatly expanded. In the areas of marine development, space exploration, industrial and agricultural production, military, social services, and entertainment, robots have a broad space for development and application prospects. Robots are moving in the direction of intelligence and diversification.

I. What is an intelligent robot

An intelligent robot is called a smart robot because it has a fairly developed "brain." What works in the brain is the central processor, which has a direct connection with the person who operates it. The main thing is that such a computer can be arranged according to the purpose of the action. Because of this, we only say that these robots are real robots, although their appearance may be different.

To understand the so-called intelligent robot in a broad sense, the most profound impression it gives is a unique “living thing” that controls itself. In fact, the main organs of this self-control "living" are not as subtle and complicated as the real ones. Intelligent robots have a variety of internal information sensors and external information sensors such as sight, hearing, touch, and smell. In addition to having receptors, it also has effectors as a means of acting on the surrounding environment. This is the muscles, or self-adjusting motors, which move the hands, feet, long noses, tentacles, etc.

二. The main elements that intelligent robots must have

(1) It is a sensory element used to recognize the state of the surrounding environment; sensory elements include non-contact sensors that can sense vision, proximity, distance, etc., and contact sensors that can sense, press, and touch. These elements are essentially equivalent to human eyes, nose, ears and other features. Their functions can be used such as cameras, image sensors, ultrasonic transducers, lasers, conductive rubber, piezoelectric elements, pneumatic components, travel switches and other mechanical and electrical elements. Devices to achieve.

(2) It is a factor of movement that responds to external actions. For the elements of the movement, the intelligent robot needs to have a non-orbiting type of moving mechanism to adapt to different geography such as flat ground, stairs, walls, stairs, and ramps. surroundings. Their functions can be accomplished with the aid of wheels, tracks, feet, suction cups, air cushions and other moving mechanisms. In the course of the movement, it is necessary to control the moving mechanism in real time. This control should include not only position control but also force control, mixed control of position and force, and control of the telescopic rate.

(3) It is an element of thinking. Based on the information obtained from the sensory elements, we can think about what kind of action to take. The thinking element of the intelligent robot is the key among the three elements, and it is also an essential element that people must assign to the robot. Thinking elements include intellectual activities such as judgment, logical analysis, and understanding. These intellectual activities are essentially an information processing process, and computers are the main means to complete this process.

III. Key technologies for intelligent robots

1, multi-sensor information fusion

Multi-sensor information fusion technology is a very popular research topic in recent years. It combines control theory, signal processing, artificial intelligence, probability and statistics to provide robots with tasks in various complex, dynamic, uncertain and unknown environments. A technical solution.

2, navigation and positioning

In robot systems, autonomous navigation is a core technology and a key and difficult issue in robot research.

3, path planning

Path planning technology is an important branch of robotics research. The optimal path planning is based on one or more optimization criteria (such as minimum working cost, shortest walking route, shortest walking time, etc.), and finding a starting point state to a target state in the robot work space to avoid obstacles. The optimal path.

4, robot vision

The visual system is an important part of the autonomous robot. It is generally composed of a camera, an image acquisition card, and a computer. The work of the robot vision system includes image acquisition, image processing and analysis, output, and display. The core tasks are feature extraction, image segmentation, and image recognition.

5, intelligent control

With the development of robot technology, the traditional control theory has exposed shortcomings in the physical object that can not be accurately analyzed and the ill-conditioned process of information shortage. In recent years, many scholars have proposed various different intelligent robot control systems.

6, man-machine interface technology

The research goal of intelligent robots is not to completely replace people. The complex intelligent robot systems only rely on computers to control the current is a certain difficulty. Even if it can be done, it is not practical because of lack of adaptability to the environment. The intelligent robot system can not completely exclude the role of humans, but it needs human-machine coordination to achieve system control. Therefore, a well-designed human-machine interface has become one of the key issues in the research of intelligent robots.

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