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Switching power supplies are advanced power solutions that use modern electronics to control the on and off time ratio of a switch, ensuring a stable output voltage. They typically consist of a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control IC and a MOSFET. Compared to linear power supplies, switching power supplies become more expensive as output power increases, but the rate of cost increase varies. At a certain output power level, linear power supplies may be more cost-effective, known as the "cost reversal point." With continuous advancements in power electronics, the cost reversal point is shifting toward lower power levels, opening up new opportunities for the development and application of switching power supplies.
1. Modern communication switching power supplies are designed for unattended operation and feature remote monitoring capabilities such as remote signaling, telemetry, and remote control. These systems often have long-distance signal lines, which are highly vulnerable to damage from inductive lightning strikes, potentially causing outages and other issues. According to regulations from the Ministry of Information Industry, it's essential to install signal lightning arresters to protect these systems.
2. The latest lightning protection standards recommend installing DC lightning arresters because their residual voltage is much lower than that of AC arresters. This makes them more effective at protecting sensitive equipment in communication stations against electromagnetic pulses caused by lightning strikes.
3. The effectiveness of a lightning arrester depends heavily on its installation method. One key factor is the lead inductance, which can create additional residual voltage. To minimize this, the connection between the power line and the arrester, as well as between the arrester and the grounding system, should be as short as possible.
4. Using multiple levels of lightning protection devices can reduce the extra residual voltage caused by inductance. The front-stage device handles most of the lightning current, while the rear-stage device only deals with a smaller portion, resulting in less residual voltage. To ensure proper energy coordination between stages, the distance between the arresters should be at least 15 meters. If not, a decoupler must be used to maintain compatibility.
5. While incoming power cables are usually given attention for lightning protection, other power lines entering and leaving communication stations are often overlooked. Examples include street light circuits, tower lamp power lines, and non-telecom leased power lines. It's now recommended to use solar-powered tower lights to reduce lightning strike risks. All outgoing power lines should be within the protection zone of the lightning system; otherwise, additional measures must be taken to ensure safety.
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