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Switching power supplies are advanced power solutions that use modern electronics to control the on-off time ratio of the switching components, ensuring a stable output voltage. Typically, they consist of a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control IC and a MOSFET. Compared to linear power supplies, the cost of switching power supplies increases with higher output power, but the rate of increase varies. At a certain power level, linear power supplies may become more expensive than switching ones—this point is known as the "cost reversal point." As power electronics technology continues to evolve, this reversal point is shifting toward lower power levels, making switching power supplies more attractive across a wider range of applications.
1. Modern communication switching power supplies are designed for unattended operation and include remote monitoring features such as remote signaling, telemetry, and remote control. These systems often have long-distance signal lines that are vulnerable to damage from inductive lightning, which can lead to downtime or other failures. According to industry standards, it's essential to install signal lightning arresters to protect these critical systems.
2. The latest lightning protection guidelines recommend installing DC lightning arresters because their residual voltage is significantly lower than that of AC arresters. This makes them more effective at protecting sensitive equipment in communication stations from electromagnetic pulses caused by lightning strikes.
3. The effectiveness of a lightning arrester depends heavily on its installation method. One key factor is the inductance of the leads, which can create additional residual voltage. To minimize this, the connection between the power line and the arrester, as well as between the arrester and the grounding system, should be as short as possible.
4. Using multiple stages of lightning protection helps reduce the residual voltage caused by inductance. The first stage typically handles most of the lightning current, while subsequent stages only deal with a smaller portion. This reduces the overall residual voltage on the leads. To ensure proper energy coordination between stages, the distance between arresters should be at least 15 meters. If not, a decoupler should be used.
5. While incoming power cables are often prioritized for lightning protection, other internal power lines—such as those for street lights, tower lamps, or leased telecom power lines—are frequently overlooked. It’s now recommended to use solar-powered tower lights to reduce lightning strike risks. All outgoing power lines should be within the protection zone of the lightning system, or special measures should be taken if they are not.
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