The integrated circuit (IC) industry is a strategic, foundational, and leading sector that plays a crucial role in the development of emerging industries and the information economy. Its core position in the field of information technology is highly significant. Since the beginning of the 21st century, China has taken multiple steps to promote the growth of the IC industry. Policies such as the State Council's Document No. 18 in 2000 and Guofa Document No. 4 in 2011 have been implemented, alongside the launch of the "National Major Science and Technology Project." In 2014, the "National Integrated Circuit Industry Development Promotion Outline" was also introduced.
Driven by both market demand and supportive policies, the strength of China’s IC industry has grown rapidly. Technologies in key areas like mobile intelligent terminals, network communications, and the Internet of Things have reached international standards, and 28nm manufacturing processes are now in mass production. Leading companies are consistently profitable, with packaging technologies synchronized globally and key equipment and materials entering international procurement systems.
Overall, the industry is performing well, especially in design and manufacturing. From the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period onward, increased government support, including financial and tax measures, has propelled the IC industry into an accelerated development phase. The scale of the industry grew from 218.55 billion yuan in 2012 to 433.55 billion yuan in 2016—nearly doubling in five years.
According to data from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, fixed asset investment in the semiconductor industry reached 100.113 billion yuan in 2016, with 87.957 billion yuan allocated specifically to the IC industry, marking a 31% year-on-year increase. This growth reflects the overall improvement in the industry, particularly in wafer manufacturing, which has seen significant progress.
The IC design industry has experienced rapid growth. According to the China Semiconductor Industry Association (CSIA), the IC design industry achieved a 24.1% growth rate in 2016, outperforming the national IC industry by 4 percentage points and the global design industry by 11.8%. Sales reached 164.43 billion yuan, surpassing the sales revenue of the mainland packaging industry for the first time and exceeding the IC design industry in Taiwan.
The number of design companies with sales over 100 million yuan increased significantly, reaching 161 in 2016, up from 143 in 2015. Among them are global top-tier companies like Shenzhen Haisi and Ziguang Zengrui. The total number of design enterprises rose from 736 in 2015 to 1,362 in 2016, with 626 new startups launched in a single year, marking an 85.05% increase. The number of employees in the IC design sector reached 130,000.
The wafer manufacturing industry has also shown continuous improvement. SMIC saw increased shipments of advanced manufacturing processes, while Huali Micro made technological advancements. Companies like Huahong Hongli, China Resources Microelectronics, and others operated at full capacity on 8-inch production lines. In 2016, the domestic wafer manufacturing industry maintained a high growth rate of 25.1%, reaching 112.69 billion yuan in scale, the highest among the three sectors of design, manufacturing, and packaging/testing.
The packaging and testing industry also experienced steady growth. Driven by increased orders from both domestic and overseas markets, the industry reached 156.43 billion yuan in 2016, with a year-on-year growth rate of 13%. Most companies were concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Bohai Bay regions, with regional advantages growing in cities like Xi’an, Wuhan, and Chengdu.
Key enterprises have seen a significant surge in practical power. In the design sector, Shenzhen Haisi and Zoomlion ranked sixth and tenth in the global IC design rankings, respectively. Eleven Chinese design companies appeared in the 2016 ICinsights Top 50 list. The threshold for entry into the top ten design companies rose from 1.79 billion yuan in 2015 to 2.05 billion yuan in 2016. The top ten companies accounted for 42.15% of the total IC design industry sales.
In the manufacturing sector, SMIC ranked fourth globally in 2016, with sales of $2.914 billion, a 30.3% year-on-year increase. It also expanded its presence in the automotive chip market and announced the construction of several new production lines. Shanghai Huahong Hongli and Huali Micro also made notable progress, achieving record revenues and expanding their technological capabilities.
In the packaging and testing sector, companies like Jiangsu Xinchao and Tianshui Huatian entered the global top ten, improving their service capabilities through acquisitions. These developments highlight the growing influence of Chinese firms on the global stage.
Technological innovation has been frequent, with many breakthroughs reaching advanced levels. In the design field, 16nm products have been commercialized, and chips in computers, smart cards, and multimedia have seen rapid development. Wafer manufacturing has broken through the 28nm node, and leading companies have continued to make profits. Packaging and testing companies now rank among the world’s top performers.
Several Chinese companies have achieved international recognition. Shenzhen Haisi and Ziguang Zengrui developed high-end smartphone chips reaching international standards. Shanghai Zhaoxin's ZX-C processor passed CCC certification and was used in key national projects. Guoke Microelectronics and Huada University have made strides in satellite TV and security monitoring, while Cambrian developed the world’s first deep learning processor chip (NPU).
The "Shenwei Taihu Light" supercomputer, powered entirely by domestic CPUs, became the world's fastest supercomputer. Advanced IC production lines have also seen significant investment, with breakthroughs in 28nm and 14nm processes. Projects like "Yangtze River Storage" and Shanghai Huali Phase 2 have further strengthened China’s position in the global IC industry.
The proportion of medium- and high-end products in packaging and testing reflects the industry's development level. Domestic companies currently hold a 32% share of advanced packaging products, with some reaching 40–60%. These achievements demonstrate the growing maturity and competitiveness of China’s IC industry.
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Zcoin is a digital currency that aims to create a truly anonymous method of trading.
One big obstacle to Bitcoin's emergence as an electronic currency is that all its transactions are visible on a public blockchain. As a result, Bitcoin's interchangeability has been controversial. Some people or companies (mainly exchanges) will not accept bitcoins for certain addresses. Such scrutiny runs counter to Bitcoin's core philosophy.
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