Scientific design of road lighting

1. Proper selection of road lighting standards

CIE 115 filed a new version in 2010. Compared with the 1995 version, one of the big changes is in terms of standard regulations. The original focus is on the road level selection criteria, which emphasizes the actual situation according to the road. To choose the standard. In fact, in the 1995 version, this aspect has already been considered. Its approach is to divide the type of roads, and then consider the factors affecting traffic, and divide the level of road lighting accordingly. In the 2010 version, It is to directly consider the influence of various factors, and directly determine the lighting level based on the importance of the influence of these factors and the specific conditions on a particular road. The change is to emphasize the specific situation on the road, and to provide corresponding lighting according to the specific conditions of the road. This puts higher requirements on the lighting designer, and the designer is more important to judge and determine the road condition. In our country's road lighting design standard CJJ45-2006, the lighting standard is similar to the new version of CIE. It first divides the road type, then considers the actual situation and influencing factors of the road, and integrates the above factors. To determine the level of lighting, the reason for this is that road lighting is a part of the construction of road engineering. In the management of road systems in our country, the types of roads must be divided first. In the planning of a city, it is generally based on The status and nature of the road, the definition of its type and grade, that is, the grade and type of a road, is determined by urban planning, based on the relationship between road lighting and overall road construction, needs and roads The overall system of project construction is coordinated, and the requirements for road classification need to be implemented. Therefore, in CJJ45, the lighting regulations according to the road type and grade are first proposed, and then further consideration is given according to the specific conditions of the road. It should be said that CJJ45 is Put the professional regulations in China's industry management with the road lighting itself

In the lighting planning of some areas or cities, it is often seen that the requirements for determining the road lighting level according to the landscape value of the road are somewhat vague or biased. The road lighting serves the traffic and needs to be in accordance with the needs of the traffic. The setting, the location and nature of the road, the road facilities provided to protect the traffic, and the factors affecting the traffic are the basis for providing lighting. If the landscape is to be considered, it can only be considered in the environmental impact. And more of a negative factor, because the value of the landscape often corresponds to the brightness of the environment, and the increase in the brightness of the environment will lead to an increase in the level of road lighting, which in turn leads to energy-saving problems, while some emphasize dynamic stimulation. Landscape lighting may also cause interference with traffic.

2. Brightness and illumination in road lighting quality evaluation

In the quality evaluation indicators of road lighting, it is divided into two evaluation method systems of brightness and illuminance. For motor vehicle road lighting, the brightness evaluation method is more in line with the actual situation. Therefore, in many national design standards, including CIE115 file The evaluation of motor vehicle road lighting is carried out with brightness. Of course, some countries, such as the United States, have adopted two sets of index systems for quality evaluation based on convenience and accuracy. In our national standards, brightness is also proposed. And illumination system, which is a regulation that takes into account the specific conditions of the differences in technical levels across the country. Each region can be selected according to its specific conditions. The illumination system is more convenient to use, but in places where conditions are preferred, the brightness should be preferred. Indicator system. In addition, some special places or sections on pedestrian roads or motor vehicles, such as intersections, crosswalks, pedestrian tunnels or pedestrian bridges, must be evaluated using illuminance indicators to meet the lighting evaluation needs of the illuminated locations.

3. Targeted lighting design in accordance with scientific processes

In the design of road lighting, it is usually accustomed to the method of selecting the power of the light source according to the width of the road. Over time, a standard type of lamp configuration corresponding to the number of lanes is formed, and the lamp manufacturer naturally produces the lamp according to such market habits. This brings a lot of convenience to the manufacture of lamps, marketing, installation, etc., but it will cause great problems for road lighting quality and energy saving. Be aware that the same number of lanes may have different road grades, so there will be different lighting levels. Even roads of the same grade will have different lighting levels due to different road facilities, traffic or environmental conditions. Or the gears. In addition, since the width of the standard lanes allows for floating up and down by 0.5 meters, even the same number of lanes cannot be considered to have the same road width. Therefore, in the construction of road lighting, it is necessary to abandon the practice of so-called "design" according to experience and habits, and design with a scientific attitude and standard design process.

A few years ago, the state has issued standards for the optical performance of road lighting fixtures. The standard specifies the type of light distribution of the lamps. Such regulations should be the basic reference for the lamps manufacturers to produce lamps. If so, the optical properties of our lamps will be It should be gradually moving toward the norm of the norm, laying the foundation for the improvement of quality and the deepening of energy conservation, but now we can't see such a clue, and still carry out so-called design and manufacture with experience and feeling. Although some lamps are optically designed, their light distribution is far from the standard light distribution requirements of conventional street lamps. For example, the maximum light intensity direction is parallel to the road axis, or the angle is too large, or the proportion of light intensity of each part. Mistakes, etc. Some lamps are simply a cosine light distribution. How can such lamps meet the quality and energy saving requirements when used on the road?

In our country's road construction system, road lighting is an integral part of road engineering. Although municipal engineering designers sometimes participate in some lighting design work, they are mostly of a nature. It is difficult to have more time to consider lighting in depth. Careful content, and lighting design professionals are difficult to enter the design work in the first time. In the drawings of urban road lighting design, what is often seen is the standardized arrangement of ordinary road sections. In fact, in urban road lighting, more important is the special road sections and places such as the intersection area. Most traffic accidents will occur in these areas. Therefore, the lighting in these areas should be paid more attention to, but the lighting requirements and quality evaluation methods of these special sections are different from ordinary road sections. It is not simply to increase the lighting level to solve all problems. Therefore, the emphasis on this lighting design is necessary to standardize the construction of road lighting.

Strengthening research and design of LED lamps

LED lighting is in a period of rapid development. There are many problems to be solved. The inside and outside of the industry also spend a lot of energy to do it, but compared with the energy invested in the light source and the results achieved, in the research and development of lamps It seems to be far behind. The characteristics of LED are clear. How to use its characteristics, designing road lighting fixtures in a targeted manner, or designing lamps according to the basic requirements of road lighting is worthy of further study.

Relative to the road lighting of motor vehicles, since the lighting effect is investigated by the brightness, the most effective light is the part of the light that is emitted from the luminaire in the direction of the reverse driver's line of sight. Therefore, the light emitted from the luminaire is increased. The proportion of the medium, and effective control, is good for improving light utilization, thereby improving lighting quality and energy saving. Previously, foreign countries have tried to develop "reverse" lighting streetlights and tunnel lighting fixtures using HID light sources, and achieved good results. The characteristics of LED directionality and easy control of light should be more favorable for the realization of the light requirements of "reverse" illumination, so it is worth studying and discussing.

LED luminaires are more convenient for the detailed grading of street lamps, and it is easier to meet the various standard light distribution requirements in the national standard for the optical performance of street lamps;

LED luminaires are more convenient for dimming control, which can effectively match the road lighting grading control of peak and valley traffic flow, and can complete multi-level and flexible control mode.

LED luminaires have excellent implementation requirements for lighting distribution in special sections of urban roads, such as the vertical and horizontal levels required for vertical luminaires required for luminaires at crosswalks, overpasses and lighting fixtures on tunnels. The proportional relationship, the various lighting required for lighting fixtures in the underground passage (ground lighting, space lighting, guiding lighting, etc.), the various types of special lighting fixtures required at the intersection of road intersections, and the required lighting fixtures under the overpass Lighting (grounding lighting, space lighting, guiding lighting, etc.). In pedestrian road lighting, LED lamps are more effective.

In 2011, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development promulgated the outline of urban green lighting planning during the 12th Five-Year Plan period, which puts higher requirements on lighting energy conservation and improving lighting quality. Therefore, only in-depth research and more scientific attitudes and methods are adopted for road lighting. In order to achieve the goal, the road lighting can better meet the needs of people.

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